Mechanism of anti-human antigen D (HuD/ELAVL4) autoantibody-induced enteric neuronal apoptosis in irritable bowel syndrome and its potential for targeted intervention

Figure 7 Anti-HuD autoantibody induced neuronal apoptosis through the special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathway. A: Western blot showing the elevated expression of HuD and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) in the Bryostatin1 group (n = 3); B: Confocal immunofluorescence of HuD and SATB1 in rat ileal neurons (n = 3); C: Western blot showing HuD and SATB1 upregulation attenuated apoptosis through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathway; D: Confocal immunofluorescence of HuD and SATB1 in SH-SY5Y neurons; E: Western blot showing that SATB1 was necessary for HuD autoantibody-induced apoptosis within the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathway. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Scale bar: 30 μm. Two-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, and ^dP < 0.0001. DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; SATB1: Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; p-AKT: Phosphorylated protein kinase B.