Mechanism of anti-human antigen D (HuD/ELAVL4) autoantibody-induced enteric neuronal apoptosis in irritable bowel syndrome and its potential for targeted intervention

Figure 5 Effect of intervention in primary enteric neurons and the irritable bowel syndrome rate model. A: Effect of neutralizing antibodies by recombinant HuD protein on enteric neurons; B: Effect of protein kinase C agonist, Bryostatin1, 5-hydroxytryptamine agonist and antagonist, and immunoglobulin on enteric neurons; C: PGP 9.5/terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling/4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining of neurons in ileal paraffin sections from the protein kinase C agonist group, the intravenous immunoglobulin group, and the anti-HuD autoantibody group; n = 3 for each group. Scale bar: 20 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way and two-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s multiple comparison test were performed. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, and ^cP < 0.001. GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IVIG: Immunoglobulin; PKC: Protein kinase C; TUNEL: Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.