Methods improving endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography brush cytology in malignant biliary strictures

Figure 1 Schematic illustration of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography brush cytology technique for sampling biliary strictures. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showing a cytology brush advanced through the endoscope into the common bile duct for tissue sampling at the site of the biliary stricture. The pancreatic duct is shown for anatomical reference. This schematic demonstrates the brushing technique used to obtain cellular material for cytological and molecular analysis. Illustration created by the authors. CBD: Common bile duct; PD: Pancreatic duct.