Associations between dietary polyphenols and risks of gastric precancerous lesions and cancer

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i20.117603

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2026; 32(20): 117603
Published online May 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i20.117603

Table 1 Baseline participant characteristics and polyphenols intake by pathological diagnosis, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics	Overall (n = 8507)	Normal or superficial gastritis (n = 1570)	Gastric precancerous lesions (n = 6713)	Gastric cancer (n = 224)
Male	4613 (54.2)	745 (47.5)	3693 (55.0)	175 (78.1)
Age (years)	51.93 ± 7.85	50.71 ± 7.44	52.02 ± 7.87	57.69 ± 7.36
Farmer	7789 (91.6)	1363 (86.8)	6210 (92.5)	216 (96.4)
Current smoking	2932 (34.5)	446 (28.4)	2395 (35.7)	91 (40.6)
Current drinking	389 (4.6)	52 (3.3)	329 (4.9)	8 (3.6)
Education level
Illiterate	1564 (18.4)	244 (15.5)	1278 (19.0)	42 (18.8)
Primary school	3135 (36.9)	581 (37.0)	2460 (36.6)	94 (42.0)
Secondary high school	3778 (44.4)	739 (47.1)	2954 (44.0)	85 (37.9)
Profession education and above	30 (0.4)	6 (0.4)	21 (0.3)	3 (1.3)
Annual household income (Chinese yuan/year)
Low (< 20000)	3628 (42.6)	601 (38.3)	2914 (43.4)	113 (50.4)
Moderate (20000-30000)	2076 (24.4)	309 (19.7)	1713 (25.5)	54 (24.1)
High (> 30000)	2803 (32.9)	660 (42.0)	2086 (31.1)	57 (25.4)
BMI (kg/m²)
Underweight (< 18.5)	204 (2.4)	33 (2.1)	148 (2.2)	23 (10.3)
Normal-weight (18.5-24.0)	4270 (50.2)	793 (50.5)	3354 (50.0)	123 (54.9)
Overweight (24.0-28.0)	3325 (39.1)	597 (38.0)	2662 (39.7)	66 (29.5)
Obesity (≥ 28.0)	708 (8.3)	147 (9.4)	549 (8.2)	12 (5.4)
H. pylori infection	4557 (53.6)	684 (43.6)	3764 (56.1)	109 (48.7)
Digestive cancer family history	61 (0.7)	9 (0.6)	51 (0.8)	1 (0.4)
Energy intake (kcal/day), median (IQR)	1609.08 (1237.58, 2117.65)	1526.45 (1151.99, 1988.92)	1626.43 (1253.64, 2142.13)	1687.51 (1298.11, 2335.54)
Polyphenols intake, median (IQR)
Flavonoids (mg/1000 kcal/day)	102.30 (76.96, 136.94)	101.56 (74.83, 134.38)	102.37 (77.63, 137.15)	102.92 (73.49, 144.11)
Phenolic acids (mg/1000 kcal/day)	76.76 (61.43, 95.84)	76.56 (60.38, 95.65)	76.83 (61.72, 95.84)	75.40 (60.96, 99.27)
Lignans (mg/1000 kcal/day)	30.26 (18.24, 45.74)	30.94 (18.98, 46.36)	30.11 (17.97, 45.53)	30.89 (18.27, 48.09)
Stilbenes (μg/1000 kcal/day)	5.21 (0.28, 13.40)	6.74 (0.33, 15.75)	4.90 (0.27, 12.77)	4.25 (0.00, 12.06)

BMI: Body mass index; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; IQR: Interquartile range.

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Citation: Li MT, Zheng Y, Zhao JY, Wu ZQ, Lu LZ, Sun J, Li Q, Shu XC, Naji WQ, Yang J, Chen FF, Ma XM, Zhang HY, Yang FC, Du LL, Xie YD, Du PW, Kong WR, Yuan H, Ji R, Guo QH, Chen ZF, Wang YP, Zhou YN. Associations between dietary polyphenols and risks of gastric precancerous lesions and cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(20): 117603
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i20/117603.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i20.117603

Li MT, Zheng Y, Zhao JY, Wu ZQ, Lu LZ, Sun J, Li Q, Shu XC, Naji WQ, Yang J, Chen FF, Ma XM, Zhang HY, Yang FC, Du LL, Xie YD, Du PW, Kong WR, Yuan H, Ji R, Guo QH, Chen ZF, Wang YP, Zhou YN. Associations between dietary polyphenols and risks of gastric precancerous lesions and cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(20): 117603 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i20.117603]

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