Cedrol ameliorates ulcerative colitis via myeloid differentiation factor 2-mediated inflammation suppression, with barrier restoration and microbiota modulation

Figure 2 Cedrol attenuated histopathological damage and inflammatory cytokine expression in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. A: Typical hematoxylin and eosin colon sections (× 100); B: Histopathological scores; C-E: Transcript levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (C), interleukin (IL)-1β (D), and IL-6 (E) messenger RNA in colonic tissues were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. CE: Cedrol; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; mRNA: Messenger RNA.