Diagnostic clues in patients with clinical malabsorption and pathological small intestinal villous atrophy: Immune-mediated type and beyond

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 14, 2026; 32(2): 111996
Published online Jan 14, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i2.111996

Table 1 Summary and comparison of the Marsh-Oberhuber and Corazza-Villanacci pathological classifications[16,18,20,21]

Marsh-Oberhuber				Corazza-Villanacci
Stage	IELs/100 enterocytes in Marsh	Crypts	Villi	Stage	IELs/100 enterocytes in Corazza	Villi
Type 0	< 40	Normal	Normal	None	< 25	Normal
Type 1	> 40	Normal	Normal	Grade A	> 25	Nonatrophic
Type 2	> 40	Hypertrophic	Normal	Grade A	> 25	Nonatrophic
Type 3 (3a, 3b)	> 40	Hypertrophic	Mild to moderate blunting	Grade B1	> 25	Atrophic, villous-crypt ratio < 3:1
Type 3 (3c)	> 40	Hypertrophic	Severe blunting (flat)	Grade B2	> 25	Atrophic, villi no longer detectable
Type 4	< 40	Normal	Severe blunting (flat)	/	/	/

IELs: Intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Citation: Li MH, Wang QP, Ou CZ, Xu TM, Chen Y, Tang H, Zhang Y, Lai YJ, Qin XZ, Li J, Zhou WX, Li JN. Diagnostic clues in patients with clinical malabsorption and pathological small intestinal villous atrophy: Immune-mediated type and beyond. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(2): 111996
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i2/111996.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i2.111996

Li MH, Wang QP, Ou CZ, Xu TM, Chen Y, Tang H, Zhang Y, Lai YJ, Qin XZ, Li J, Zhou WX, Li JN. Diagnostic clues in patients with clinical malabsorption and pathological small intestinal villous atrophy: Immune-mediated type and beyond. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(2): 111996 [PMID: 41551832 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i2.111996]

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