Clinical manifestations and imaging features of inferior mesenteric vein-related colon ischemia

Table 1 Clinical data from 11 patients with inferior mesenteric vein-related conditions

No.	Sex	Age	Disease duration	Chief complaint	Complication	Comorbidity	Endoscopic appearance	Abnormal vessels	Etiology	Treatment	Prognosis
1	Male	62	5 months	Defecation difficulty, abdominal pain	Incomplete intestinal obstruction	PE, DVT; HBP; DM	Involvement of left colon and proximal rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, fragileness, ecchymosis, patchy erythema, erosion, ulceration, and stricture	IMV	Thrombosis, thrombophilia	Liquid diet, anticoagulation	Symptoms initially improved, but then worsened again, leading to surgery
2	Male	38	9 months	Abdominal pain with mucous bloody stools	Sigmoid colon perforation	PE; portal vein cavernous transformation	Not reach the cecum; involvement of left colon and entire rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, fragileness, patchy erythema, erosion, ulceration and stricture	SMV, IMV, PV	Thrombosis, thrombophilia	Liquid diet, prednisone, antibiotics	At the onset, inflammatory bowel disease with infection was considered, followed by surgery due to gastrointestinal perforation
3	Male	65	7 months	Diarrhea	None	CHD; DM	Not reach the cecum; involvement of both left and right colon, entire rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, patchy erythema and stricture	SMV, IMV, PV	Thrombosis	Anticoagulation	Surgery due to poor therapeutic effect
4	Male	63	5 years	Diarrhea	None	Portal vein cavernous transformation with parietal thrombus formation; dilatation of the small intestinal lymphangion	Involvement of entire colon and rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, and patchy erythema	SMV, IMV, PV	Abdominal tuberculosis	MCT diet; anticoagulation	Partial relief of symptoms
5	Male	60	2 years	Diarrhea	Protein-losing enteropathy	HBP	Not reach the cecum; involvement of left colon and entire rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, patchy erythema and erosion	IMV	Thrombosis	Liquid diet, anticoagulation, vasodilators	Surgery due to poor therapeutic effect
6	Male	36	5 months	Abdominal pain, mucous bloody stools	Incomplete intestinal obstruction	HBP; acute lymphocytic leukemia treated by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation	Not reach the cecum; involvement of left colon and entire rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, fragileness, patchy erythema, erosion, ulceration and stricture	IMV	Thrombotic microangiopathy	Fasting, anticoagulation, vasodilators	Relief of symptoms
7	Male	69	8 months	Abdominal pain, diarrhea	None	Portal vein cavernous transformation; HBP	Not reach the cecum; involvement of left colon and entire rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, fragileness, patchy erythema, erosion, and stricture	IMV, PV	Thrombotic microangiopathy	Liquid diet, anticoagulation	Surgery due to poor therapeutic effect
8	Male	72	8 months	Abdominal pain, flatulence and reduced defecation	Incomplete intestinal obstruction	None	Not reach the cecum; involvement of left colon and entire rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, fragileness, patchy erythema, erosion, and stricture	IMV	Thrombosis	Liquid diet, anticoagulation	Relief of symptoms
9	Male	43	4 months	Abdominal pain and diarrhea	None	PE	Not reach the cecum; involvement of left colon and entire rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, fragileness, ecchymosis, hemorrhage, patchy erythema, erosion, ulceration, and stricture	IMV	Thrombosis, thrombophilia	Liquid diet, anticoagulation	Relief of symptoms
10	Male	46	7 months	Diarrhea	Hemorrhagic shock	DVT; membranous nephropathy	Not reach the cecum; involvement of both left and right colon, entire rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, fragileness, ecchymosis, erosion, ulceration, and stricture	SMV, IMV	Thrombosis	Liquid diet	Surgery due to hemorrhagic shock
11	Male	41	3 months	Diarrhea	None	DVT	Not reach the cecum; involvement of left colon and entire rectum; multifocal lesions; congestion, edema, fragileness, patchy erythema, erosion, ulceration, and stricture	SMV, IMV, PV	Thrombosis, thrombophilia	Liquid diet, anticoagulation	Relief of symptoms

PE: Pulmonary embolism; DVT: Deep vein thrombosis; HBP: Hypertension blood pressure; DM: Diabetes mellitus; IMV: Inferior mesenteric vein; SMV: Superior mesenteric vein; PV: Portal vein; CHD: Coronary heart disease; MCT: Medium-chain triglycerides.