Helicobacter pylori eradication and the prevention of peptic ulcer bleeding and cardiovascular disease progression in chronic aspirin users

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants before Helicobacter pylori treatment, n (%)

Category	Variable	H. pylori-positive (n = 262)	H. pylori-negative (n = 138)	Nominal P value	Adjusted q value
Sociodemographic	Age (years)	60.2 ± 9.2	60.3 ± 7.3	0.938	0.938
	Male	138 (52.7)	78 (56.5)	0.604	0.672
	Female	124 (47.3)	60 (43.5)	0.604	0.672
	Diabetes mellitus	72 (27.5)	43 (31.2)	0.452	0.603
Biochemical	ALT (IU/L), median (interquartile range)	40.4 (22.6)	36.3 (28.8)	0.269	0.403
	AST (IU/L), median (interquartile range)	42.7 (23.2)	37.9 (20.6)	0.150	0.300
	Albumin (g/dL)	3.5 ± 0.4b	3.9 ± 0.6	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Urea (mg/dL)	29.3 ± 6.4b	23.5 ± 4.6	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Sodium (mmol/L)	137.8 ± 2.9b	135.3 ± 3.5	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Potassium (mmol/L)	4.1 ± 0.9a	3.8 ± 0.6a	0.014	0.028
	Cholesterol (mg/dL)	191.0 ± 29.7a	177.0 ± 35.9a	0.004	0.012
	Triglycerides (mg/dL), median (interquartile range)	94.6 (58.6)	87.6 (55.2)	0.414	0.518
	HDL (mg/dL), median (interquartile range)	43.1 (41.2)	53.5 (50.2)	0.118	0.236
	LDL (mg/dL), median (interquartile range)	156.3 (88.9)	140.6 (81.5)	0.224	0.374
	Random blood sugar (mg/dL), median (interquartile range)	128.5 (89.2)	130.1 (92.3)	0.850	0.850
	HbA1c (%)	6.8 ± 1.2	6.9 ± 1.3	0.587	0.671
Digestive symptoms (GSRS)	Total GSRS score	2.9 ± 0.8b	1.7 ± 0.6	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Abdominal pain	90 (34.4)a	30 (21.7)	0.012	0.024
	Bloating	60 (22.9)	20 (14.5)	0.045	0.068
	Nausea	50 (19.1)a	10 (7.2)	0.003	0.009

^aP < 0.05 vs Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-negative group, after false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment where applicable.

^bP < 0.001 vs H. pylori-negative group, after FDR adjustment where applicable.

Data are presented as mean ± SD for normally distributed continuous variables and were compared using Student’s t-test. Continuous variables presented as median (interquartile range) were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables (n, %) were compared using Pearson’s χ² test. Exploratory comparisons were adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate procedure; adjusted q-values are reported. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale.