Impact of rebleeding after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on liver-related death based on liver function categories

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i17.116867

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. May 7, 2026; 32(17): 116867
Published online May 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i17.116867

Table 1 Comparison of demographic and baseline characteristics between patients with and without post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt rebleeding before and after propensity score matching

Characteristics	Before PSM					After PSM
Characteristics	Total (n = 1782)	No post-TIPS rebleeding (n = 1436)	Post-TIPS rebleeding (n = 346)	P value	SMD	Total (n = 1026)	No post-TIPS rebleeding (n = 682)	Post-TIPS rebleeding (n = 344)	P value	SMD
Age (years)	51 (44, 60)	52 (44, 60)	50 (43, 59)	0.020	0.140	50 (43, 58)	50 (43, 58)	50 (43, 59)	0.803	0.023
Sex				< 0.001	0.270				0.547	0.045
Male	1150 (64.5)	892 (62.1)	258 (74.6)			750 (73.1)	494 (72.4)	256 (74.4)
Female	632 (35.5)	544 (37.9)	88 (25.4)			276 (26.9)	188 (27.6)	88 (25.6)
Cirrhosis etiology				0.291	0.152				0.770	0.107
Chronic HBV infection	1092 (61.3)	861 (60.0)	231 (66.8)			662 (64.5)	432 (63.3)	230 (66.9)
Other viral infection	108 (6.1)	87 (6.1)	21 (6.1)			61 (5.9)	40 (5.9)	21 (6.1)
Alcoholic liver disease	106 (5.9)	88 (6.1)	18 (5.2)			63 (6.1)	46 (6.7)	17 (4.9)
Autoimmune hepatitis	170 (9.5)	143 (10.0)	27 (7.8)			93 (9.1)	66 (9.7)	27 (7.8)
Mixed etiology	41 (2.3)	34 (2.4)	7 (2.0)			20 (1.9)	13 (1.9)	7 (2.0)
Others	265 (14.9)	223 (15.5)	42 (12.1)			127 (12.4)	85 (12.5)	42 (12.2)
Hepatic encephalopathy before procedure	17 (1.0)	15 (1.0)	2 (0.6)	0.622	0.052	5 (0.5)	3 (0.4)	2 (0.6)	1.000	0.020
Ascites before procedure				0.400	0.069				0.763	0.049
No	589 (33.1)	464 (32.3)	125 (36.1)			356 (34.7)	232 (34.0)	124 (36.0)
Mild	648 (36.4)	528 (36.8)	120 (34.7)			372 (36.3)	252 (37.0)	120 (34.9)
Moderate and severe	545 (30.6)	444 (30.9)	101 (29.2)			298 (29.0)	198 (29.0)	100 (29.1)
Hemoglobin (g/L)	82 (71, 96)	83 (72, 97)	80 (68, 94)	0.003	0.183	80 (69, 93)	80 (69, 92)	80 (68, 94)	0.881	0.013
Platelet (10⁹/L)	60 (41, 88)	61 (42, 89)	54 (40, 82)	0.009	0.082	58 (41, 84)	60 (43, 87)	54 (40, 82)	0.062	0.057
Albumin (g/L)	34.3 (30.8, 37.7)	34.3 (30.8, 37.7)	34.4 (30.7, 37.3)	0.744	0.007	34.4 (30.9, 37.5)	34.3 (31.0, 37.5)	34.4 (30.7, 37.3)	0.786	0.001
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)	20.3 (14.0, 29.3)	20.0 (13.9, 29.6)	20.6 (14.3, 28.3)	0.848	0.031	20.1 (13.9, 28.7)	19.9 (13.8, 28.7)	20.6 (14.3, 28.4)	0.699	0.010
Creatinine (µmol/L)	72 (58, 88)	71 (57, 87)	75 (63, 89)	< 0.001	0.201	76 (61, 91)	77 (60, 92)	75 (63, 89)	0.968	0.030
Prothrombin time lengthen time (seconds)	1.4 (0, 3.1)	1.4 (0, 3.0)	1.8 (0.1, 3.3)	0.028	0.093	1.6 (0.1, 3.2)	1.5 (0.1, 3.1)	1.8 (0.2, 3.32)	0.268	0.034
International normalized ratio	1.30 (1.18, 1.45)	1.29 (1.18, 1.44)	1.31 (1.20, 1.48)	0.173	0.124	1.31 (1.20, 1.46)	1.31 (1.20, 1.46)	1.31 (1.20, 1.47)	0.912	0.063
Sodium (mmol/L)	139.9 (137.4, 142.0)	139.9 (137.5, 142.0)	140.0 (137.4, 142.0)	0.999	0.004	139.8 (137.4, 141.9)	139.6 (137.3, 141.8)	140.0 (137.4, 141.9)	0.340	0.071
Child-Pugh score	7 (6, 8)	7 (6, 8)	7 (6, 8)	0.813	0.012	7 (6, 8)	7 (6, 8)	7 (6, 8)	0.917	0.007
Child-Pugh class				0.867	0.032				0.861	0.036
A	738 (41.4)	592 (41.2)	146 (42.2)			431 (42.0)	286 (41.9)	145 (42.2)
B	887 (49.8)	719 (50.1)	168 (48.6)			506 (49.3)	339 (49.7)	167 (48.5)
C	157 (8.8)	125 (8.7)	32 (9.2)			89 (8.7)	57 (8.4)	32 (9.3)
MELD score	10 (9, 12)	10 (9, 12)	10 (9, 12)	0.074	0.124	11 (9, 13)	11 (9, 13)	11 (9, 13)	0.739	0.035
MELD-Na score	11 (9, 13)	11 (9, 13)	11 (9, 13)	0.073	0.101	11 (9, 13)	11 (9, 13)	11 (9, 13)	0.761	< 0.001
Combine venous embolization	1231 (69.1)	993 (69.2)	238 (68.8)	0.947	0.008	718 (70.0)	481 (70.5)	237 (68.9)	0.641	0.036
TIPS stent diameter				0.179	0.107				0.535	0.073
< 8 mm	87 (4.9)	65 (4.5)	22 (6.4)			55 (5.4)	33 (4.8)	22 (6.4)
8 mm	1603 (90.0)	1301 (90.6)	302 (87.3)			909 (88.6)	609 (89.3)	300 (87.2)
10 mm	92 (5.2)	70 (4.9)	22 (6.4)			62 (6.0)	40 (5.9)	22 (6.4)
Pre-TIPS PPG (mmHg)	24.00 (20.00, 27.21)	24.00 (20.00, 27.21)	23.56 (20.00, 27.21)	0.664	0.043	24.00 (20.37, 27.93)	24.00 (20.59, 27.94)	23.53 (20.00, 27.21)	0.347	0.049
Post-TIPS PPG (mmHg)	8.80 (6.00, 11.00)	8.80 (6.00, 11.00)	8.82 (6.60, 11.03)	0.050	0.131	9.00 (6.60, 11.30)	9.00 (6.60, 11.62)	8.82 (6.60, 11.03)	0.832	0.014
PPG reduction (mmHg)	14.70 (11.00, 18.38)	14.71 (11.00, 18.40)	14.00 (11.00, 17.66)	0.380	0.051	14.70 (11.00, 18.36)	14.71 (11.00, 18.44)	14.00 (11.00, 17.68)	0.300	0.057

Data are presented as n (%) or median (quartiles). MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; PPG: Portal pressure gradient; PSM: Propensity score matching; SMD: Standard mean difference; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

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Citation: Zhu JY, Tie J, Xia YF, Wang GC, Zhuge YZ, Wu H, Zhu XL, Xue H, Xu J, Zhang F, Zhao LH, Huang GJ, Zhang MY, Li Z, Wei B, Li PJ, Wang Z, Wu W, Chen C, Tang CW, Zhang CQ. Impact of rebleeding after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on liver-related death based on liver function categories. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(17): 116867
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i17/116867.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i17.116867

Zhu JY, Tie J, Xia YF, Wang GC, Zhuge YZ, Wu H, Zhu XL, Xue H, Xu J, Zhang F, Zhao LH, Huang GJ, Zhang MY, Li Z, Wei B, Li PJ, Wang Z, Wu W, Chen C, Tang CW, Zhang CQ. Impact of rebleeding after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on liver-related death based on liver function categories. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(17): 116867 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i17.116867]

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