Effectiveness of ustekinumab in postoperative Crohn's disease management: Evidence from a Chinese multicenter cohort

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with postoperative Crohn's disease treated with ustekinumab (n = 71)

Characteristic	Overall (n = 71)	First-line UST (n = 45)	Second-line UST (n = 26)	P value
Demographics
Age (years)	35.4 ± 11.8	34.2 ± 11.0	37.5 ± 12.9	0.260
Male sex	53 (74.6)	35 (77.8)	18 (69.2)	0.425
Occupation				0.763
Employee	35 (49.3)	22 (48.9)	13 (50.0)
Student	11 (15.5)	8 (17.8)	3 (11.5)
Unemployed	25 (35.2)	15 (33.3)	10 (38.5)
Comorbidities
Tuberculosis history	10 (14.1)	8 (17.8)	2 (7.7)	0.209
Hepatitis B history	3 (4.2)	3 (6.7)	0 (0.0)	0.248
Cancer history	2 (2.8)	1 (2.2)	1 (3.8)	0.690
Disease characteristics
Disease duration (years)	5.0 (2.0-10.0)	4.0 (2.0-6.0)	9.5 (5.3-17.0)	< 0.001
Montreal age classification				0.916
A1 (≤ 16 years)1	7 (9.9)	4 (8.9)	3 (11.5)
A2 (17-40 years)	51 (71.8)	33 (73.3)	18 (69.2)
A3 (> 40 years)	13 (18.3)	8 (17.8)	5 (19.2)
Montreal location				0.045
L1 (ileal)	21 (29.6)	9 (20.0)	12 (46.2)
L2 (colonic)	7 (9.9)	4 (8.9)	3 (11.5)
L3 (ileocolonic)	43 (60.6)	32 (71.1)	11 (42.3)
L4 (upper GI)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Montreal behavior				0.727
B1 (non-stricturing, non-penetrating)	6 (8.5)	3 (6.7)	11 (24.4)
B2 (stricturing)	47 (66.2)	31 (68.9)	16 (61.5)
B3 (penetrating)	18 (25.4)	11 (24.4)	7 (26.9)
Perianal disease	24 (33.8)	16 (35.6)	8 (30.8)	0.681
Extraintestinal manifestations	8 (11.3)	2 (4.4)	6 (23.1)	0.024
Smoking history	9 (12.7)	8 (17.8)	1 (3.8)	0.087
Alcohol history	4 (5.6)	4 (8.9)	0 (0.0)	0.153
History of biologic use
Previous biologic exposure				< 0.001
None	41 (57.7)	40 (88.9)	1 (3.8)
Infliximab only	20 (28.2)	4 (8.9)2	16 (61.5)
Adalimumab only	3 (4.2)	0 (0.0)	3 (11.5)
Infliximab and adalimumab	4 (5.6)	1 (2.2)2	3 (11.5)
Infliximab and vedolizumab	2 (2.8)	0 (0)	2 (7.7)
Infliximab, adalimumab and vedolizumab	1 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.8)
Treatment timing				< 0.001
Time from surgery to UST (months)	1.0 (1.0-17.0)	2.0 (1.0-6.0)	16.5 (6.0-36.0)

¹The “A1” classification in the Montreal system refers to the “age at diagnosis” (≤ 16 years), not the patient’s age at enrollment. These seven patients were diagnosed with Crohn's disease during childhood but were adults (≥ 18 years) when they were enrolled in this study for ustekinumab treatment.

²Five patients in the first-line group had exposure to infliximab prior to surgery but received ustekinumab as their first biologic agent during the postoperative period.

Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD, and non-continuous variables are presented as medians (quartile). Categorical variables are presented as n (%). P values from t-test, χ² test, Fisher's exact tests or non-parametric tests, as appropriate. UST: Ustekinumab; GI: Gastrointestinal.