Modulation of the gut-liver axis by oxymatrine alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Figure 3 Oxymatrine improves intestinal permeability in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease rats. A: Plasma endotoxin levels of the rats from the portal vein, n = 6; B: Bacterial contents in mesenteric lymph nodes, liver tissues, and spleen tissues, n = 6; C: Ileal histology (hematoxylin eosin staining, representative images), 200 × (100 μm); 400 × (50 μm); D: The concentrations of Evans Blue in liver samples, n = 3; E: Permeability of horseradish peroxidase in segments of ileum incubated in Ussing chambers, n = 6; F: Protein levels of occludin and ZO-1 in ileal tissues, n = 3. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test, and results are presented as mean ± SD. MET: Metformin; OMT: Oxymatrine.