Age-related gut microbiome profile and reversal of microbial imbalance by trimetazidine intervention

Figure 2 Characterization of age-associated gut microbiome alterations in the healthy natural aging population group. A and B: The Shannon index (A) and Chao index (B) were used to determine the alpha diversity changes during the healthy aging process. The gut microbial diversity significantly increased from the S0 group (n = 30) to the S1 group (n = 30), and from S2 (n = 30) to S7, the diversity remained relatively stable but decreased from the S7 group (n = 30) (all P < 0.05); C: Principal coordinate analysis distribution revealed that the gut taxonomic composition significantly differed among the ten groups; D: As estimated by analysis of similarities analysis, the corresponding statistical significance of the beta diversity was measured separately; E: The average compositions and relative abundance of the gut microbial community in groups at the genus level; F: Correlation analysis of the abundance of the major species with age. Heatmap showing the abundance-fold change in bacteria with age. In red: Bacteria that are more abundant; in blue: Bacteria that are less abundant. Scale: Log₂ (fold change) = -1 (blue) < 0 (white) < 1 (red); G: Changes in the abundances of Catenulispora and Luteipulveratus across the human lifespan. S0-S9 indicate the healthy natural aging population group was categorized into ten subgroups based on age (n = 30 for each group). ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. PCoA: Principal coordinate analysis; PC: Principal component; ANOSIM: Analysis of similarities.