Habitat imaging on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging predicts early response to transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 3 Prediction performance of different models

Models	Accuracy	AUC	95%CI	Sensitivity	Specificity	Precision1	F12	Cohort
Clinical model	0.79	0.86	0.78-0.93	0.77	0.82	0.84	0.80	Train
Radiomics model	0.69	0.71	0.60-0.82	0.73	0.63	0.71	0.72	Train
ITH model	0.85	0.89	0.81-0.96	0.79	0.92	0.93	0.85	Train
ITH + clinical model	0.90	0.95	0.90-0.99	0.90	0.90	0.92	0.91	Train
ITH + radiomics model	0.87	0.93	0.87-0.98	0.85	0.90	0.91	0.88	Train
Radiomics + clinical model	0.85	0.90	0.82-0.96	0.92	0.76	0.83	0.87	Train
Combined model	0.90	0.97	0.93-0.99	0.88	0.92	0.93	0.90	Train
Clinical model	0.80	0.78	0.54-0.98	0.75	0.89	0.90	0.82	Validation
Radiomics model	0.67	0.66	0.39-0.89	0.58	0.78	0.78	0.67	Validation
ITH model	0.87	0.90	0.74-1.00	0.75	1.00	1.00	0.86	Validation
ITH + clinical model	0.91	0.88	0.64-1.00	1.00	0.78	0.86	0.92	Validation
ITH + radiomics model	0.87	0.91	0.75-1.00	0.83	0.89	0.91	0.87	Validation
Radiomics + clinical model	0.76	0.68	0.42-0.92	0.75	0.78	0.82	0.78	Validation
Combined model	0.91	0.91	0.71-1.00	0.92	0.89	0.92	0.92	Validation
Clinical model	0.41	0.54	0.33-0.75	0.37	0.75	0.92	0.53	External validation
Radiomics model	0.87	0.78	0.57-0.96	0.90	0.63	0.95	0.93	External validation
ITH model	0.71	0.87	0.77-0.96	0.68	1.00	1.00	0.81	External validation
ITH + clinical model	0.71	0.89	0.78-0.97	0.68	1.00	1.00	0.81	External validation
ITH + radiomics model	0.86	0.94	0.88-0.99	0.84	1.00	1.00	0.91	External validation
Radiomics + clinical model	0.89	0.78	0.56-0.98	0.92	0.63	0.95	0.93	External validation
Combined model	0.83	0.93	0.87-0.99	0.81	1.00	1.00	0.89	External validation

¹Positive predictive value (proportion of true positives among predicted positives).

²Harmonic mean of precision and sensitivity, balancing both metrics.

ITH: Intratumoral heterogeneity; AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval.