Wuda granules target estrogen receptors and modulate gut microbiota to alleviate postoperative ileus: A multi-omics perspective

Figure 4 Proteomics analysis of Wuda granules in colon tissues of postoperative ileus mice. A: Venn diagram showing differentially expressed proteins shared between the postoperative ileus model and Wuda granules-treated groups; B: Volcano plot indicating significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins (red dots) with |log₂ fold changes| > 1 and P < 0.05; C: Heatmap illustrating the expression profiles of differentially expressed proteins across samples, with red to blue indicating high to low abundance; D: Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of differential proteins categorized by cellular component, molecular function, and biological process; E: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins. WDG: Wuda granules.