Wuda granules target estrogen receptors and modulate gut microbiota to alleviate postoperative ileus: A multi-omics perspective

Figure 1 Wuda granules improved gastrointestinal motility in postoperative ileus mice. A: Body-weight change; B: Gastric emptying rate; C and D: Statistical results and representative images of charcoal powder propulsion distance in the small intestine; E-G: Serum levels of cholecystokinin, gastrin, and motilin. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). ^aP < 0.05 vs postoperative ileus, ^bP < 0.01 vs postoperative ileus, and ^cP < 0.001 vs postoperative ileus. POI: Postoperative ileus; WDG: Wuda granules; MTL: Motilin; GAS: Gastrin; CCK: Cholecystokinin.