Vitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and inflammatory bowel disease outcomes: From molecular mechanisms to clinical application

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i15.115533

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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World J Gastroenterol. Apr 21, 2026; 32(15): 115533
Published online Apr 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i15.115533

Table 2 Thresholds for classifying vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency according to major guidelines and vitamin D supplementation protocols

Organization	Reference range (ng/mL)	Toxicity (ng/mL)	Supplementation
World Health Organization[74]	< 10 - deficiency. < 20 - insufficiency	-	-
Endocrine Society[75]	> 20 - sufficient	> 60	-
Institute of Medicine[76]	< 12 - deficiency. < 20 - insufficiency	> 50
European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism[71]	No defined cutoff	-	-
Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism[77]	30-60 ng/mL - sufficient	> 100	-
Position Statement of the Brazilian Association of Nutrology (Abran)[78]	> 40 - sufficient	> 100	6000 IU/day or 50000 IU/week in case of deficiency
British Society of Gastroenterology[69]	< 20 - deficiency	-	800-1000 mg/day of calcium and 800 IU/day of vitamin D for patients with active disease and receiving corticosteroids
Central and Eastern European Expert Consensus[79]	< 20 - deficiency. < 30 - insufficiency	> 100	6000-10000 IU/day in case of deficiency
Second Brazilian Consensus on Managing Crohn's Disease in Adults[70]	No defined cutoff	-	800-1000 mg/day of calcium and 800 IU/day of vitamin D in case of deficiency
Endocrine Society - Update[80]	No defined cutoff	-	-
European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization[67]	< 30 - deficiency	-	-
European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization in collaboration with: European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology; European Society of Pathology and International Bowel Ultrasonography Group[68]	< 20 - insufficiency	-	-

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Citation: Costa BG, Yoshihara RNY, Spiller AL, Castelhano NS, Santos A, Baima JP, Imbrizi M, De Freitas MB, Magro DO, Sassaki LY. Vitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and inflammatory bowel disease outcomes: From molecular mechanisms to clinical application. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(15): 115533
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i15/115533.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i15.115533

Costa BG, Yoshihara RNY, Spiller AL, Castelhano NS, Santos A, Baima JP, Imbrizi M, De Freitas MB, Magro DO, Sassaki LY. Vitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and inflammatory bowel disease outcomes: From molecular mechanisms to clinical application. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(15): 115533 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i15.115533]

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