Development and validation of prognostic models for colon cancer incorporating extramural vascular invasion assessed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography

Figure 1 Computed tomography-detected extramural vascular invasion assessment of colon cancer patients. A: Venous-phase axial computed tomography (CT) image demonstrates focal thickening of the sigmoid colon wall with blurred surrounding fat planes, enlarged adjacent extramural vessels with irregular contours, and intraluminal filling defects (arrow); B: Corresponding venous-phase coronal reconstructed image shows marked thickening of the sigmoid colon wall (arrow) and dilated, irregular extramural vessels containing intraluminal filling defects, consistent with CT-detected extramural vascular invasion-positive findings; C: Venous-phase axial CT image shows thickening of the transverse colon wall (arrow) with preserved surrounding fat planes; D: Corresponding venous-phase coronal reconstructed image demonstrates wall thickening of the transverse colon (arrow) without enlargement or irregularity of adjacent extramural vessels and without abnormal intraluminal density, consistent with CT-detected extramural vascular invasion-negative findings.