Predicting gastrointestinal bleeding and audio biomarkers based on machine learning analysis of bowel sounds

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i14.115162

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2026; 32(14): 115162
Published online Apr 14, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i14.115162

Table 2 Biochemical indicators in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

	Median	Lower quartile	Upper quartile	Medical reference range
Red blood cell count, 10¹²/L	3.05	2.77	3.51	4.3-5.8
Hemoglobin, g/L	90.5	83	105	130-175
Hematocrit, %	29.6	25.7	32.4	40-50
CRP, mg/L	6.8	6	24.65	0-10
hs-CRP, mg/L	6	2.84	6	0.3

CRP: C-reactive protein; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

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Citation: Zhang L, Wang MY, Wei SY, Su C, Hu SY, Ren XY, Liu YP, Liu C, Wan Y. Predicting gastrointestinal bleeding and audio biomarkers based on machine learning analysis of bowel sounds. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(14): 115162
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i14/115162.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i14.115162

Zhang L, Wang MY, Wei SY, Su C, Hu SY, Ren XY, Liu YP, Liu C, Wan Y. Predicting gastrointestinal bleeding and audio biomarkers based on machine learning analysis of bowel sounds. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(14): 115162 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i14.115162]

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