MassARRAY-based KRAS and GNAS hotspot mutation analysis of cystic fluid enables accurate classification of pancreatic cystic lesions

Table 1 Patient characteristics, n (%)

	IPMNs (n = 23)	MCNs (n = 36)	SCAs (n = 32)	Non-neoplastic cysts (n = 10)	P value
Gender					< 0.001
Male	14 (60.9)	0 (0)	6 (18.8)	2 (20)
Female	9 (39.1)	36 (100)	26 (81.3)	8 (80)
Age (years)	64.22 (5.93)	41.81 (13.04)	45.25 (14.75)	36.2 (8.77)	< 0.001
Location					0.007
Head	11 (47.8)	3 (8.3)	7 (21.9)	2 (20)
Body or tail	10 (43.5)	33 (91.7)	23 (71.9)	8 (80)
Head and body or tail	2 (8.7)	0 (0)	2 (6.3)	0 (0)
Cyst diameter (mm)	43.09 (17.81)	56.79 (33.5)	48.88 (18.49)	68.1 (27.63)	0.046
Cyst diameter ≥ 30 mm					0.213
Yes	17 (73.9)	33 (91.7)	31 (96.9)	9 (90)
No	5 (21.7)	2 (5.6)	1 (3.1)	1 (10)
Main pancreatic duct dilation (≥ 4 mm)					< 0.001
Yes	16 (69.6)	2 (5.6)	6 (18.8)	1 (10)
No	7 (30.4)	34 (94.4)	26 (81.3)	8 (80)
Bile duct dilation (≥ 7 mm)					0.041
Yes	4 (17.4)	1 (2.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)
No	18 (78.3)	34 (94.4)	32 (100)	9 (90)
Serum CEA (ng/mL)	3.48 (4.31)	1.49 (2)	1.49 (0.98)	1.29 (1.08)	0.012
Elevated serum CEA (≥ 5 ng/mL)					0.001
Yes	5 (21.7)	1 (2.8)	1 (3.1)	0 (0)
No	18 (78.3)	34 (94.4)	31 (96.9)	8 (80)
Serum CA19-9 (U/mL)	34.8 (53.56)	25.32 (35.41)	20.73 (29.65)	16.29 (13.33)	0.486
Elevated serum CA19-9 (≥ 34 U/mL)					0.097
Yes	3 (13)	7 (19.4)	3 (9.4)	1 (10)
No	20 (87)	29 (80.6)	29 (90.6)	8 (80)
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	15.34 (7.97)	14.34 (5.85)	12.91 (5.76)	12.73 (3.57)	0.463
Elevated total bilirubin (≥ 22.2 μmol/L)					0.184
Yes	4 (17.4)	5 (13.9)	1 (3.1)	0 (0)
No	19 (82.6)	31 (86.1)	31 (96.9)	10 (100)
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)	6.38 (6.59)	4.44 (1.6)	4.22 (2.52)	4.21 (1.32)	0.124
Elevated direct bilirubin (≥ 6.8 μmol/L)					0.563
Yes	4 (17.4)	4 (11.1)	4 (12.5)	0 (0)
No	19 (82.6)	32 (88.9)	28 (87.5)	10 (100)

IPMNs: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms; MCNs: Mucinous cystic neoplasms; SCAs: Serous cystadenomas; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Cancer antigen 19-9.