Lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of mortality in primary biliary cholangitis

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Apr 7, 2026; 32(13): 115649
Published online Apr 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649

Table 4 Baseline characteristics stratified by type 2 diabetes mellitus-lean and non- type 2 diabetes mellitus non-lean phenotypes before and after propensity score matching in primary biliary cholangitis patients, median (interquartile range)/n (%)

Variable	Before propensity score matching				After propensity score matching
Variable	Overall (n = 386)	T2DM lean (n = 129)	Non-T2DM non-lean (n = 257)	P value	Overall (n = 386)	T2DM lean (n = 111)	Non-T2DM non-lean (n = 111)	SMD
Age (years)	57 (49-66)	60 (53-69)	54 (48-64)	< 0.001	60 (53-69)	59 (53-68)	61 (53-69)	0.071
Female	311 (80.57)	104 (80.62)	207 (80.54)	0.986	181 (81.5)	89 (80.18)	92 (82.88)	0.069
Laboratory parameters
TBil (μmol/L)	22.65 (13.98-71.25)	35.2 (16.35-109.45)	20.5 (13.1-50.55)	< 0.001	28.35 (15.48-90.5)	33.9 (15.7-96.4)	25.1 (15.3-71)	0.08
Albumin (g/L)	36 (30.48-40.8)	31.5 (27.35-36.75)	38 (33.75-42.1)	< 0.001	33.75 (28.55-38.3)	32.7 (27.9-38)	34.3 (29.1-38.3)	0.06
ALT (U/L)	47 (28-95)	39 (24-89)	53 (32.5-99)	0.003	46 (26.75-91.25)	38 (23-87)	50 (33-96)	0.046
ALP (U/L)	55.5 (35-103)	60 (32.5-109.5)	55 (37-99)	0.336	199 (130-320.5)	197 (115-339)	201 (152-312)	0.021
Platelets (× 10⁹/L)	166.5 (94-236)	127 (69.5-184)	186 (113-246)	< 0.001	144.5 (75-198.25)	143 (71-188)	150 (79-203)	0.034
INR	1.02 (0.94-1.18)	1.13 (0.97-1.26)	1.0 (0.94-1.12)	< 0.001	1.05 (0.96-1.22)	1.1 (0.95-1.2)	1.01 (0.96-1.2)	0.009
Immunological markers
AMA-M2 positive	274 (70.98)	103 (79.84)	171 (66.54)	0.007	173 (77.9)	86 (77.48)	87 (78.38)	0.022

TBil: Total bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; INR: International normalized ratio; AMA-M2: Anti-mitochondrial antibody M2; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; SMD: Standardized mean difference.

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Citation: Yin TT, Lin HY, Zhou M, Li JW, Mo QL, Wang HJ, Chen J, Zhu HL, Li YT, Zheng MY, Yang JH. Lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of mortality in primary biliary cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(13): 115649
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i13/115649.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649

Yin TT, Lin HY, Zhou M, Li JW, Mo QL, Wang HJ, Chen J, Zhu HL, Li YT, Zheng MY, Yang JH. Lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of mortality in primary biliary cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(13): 115649 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649]

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