Lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of mortality in primary biliary cholangitis

Table 3 Cox regression analysis of lean phenotype and type 2 diabetes mellitus status interaction effect in primary biliary cholangitis patients

Variable	Univariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.017 (1.003-1.031)	0.017
Female (%)	0.888 (0.627-1.287)	0.503
Combined medical history
Hepatic steatosis	0.816 (0.512-1.298)	0.39
Hypertension	0.863 (0.590-1.263)	0.448
Coronary heart disease	1.193 (0.602-2.364)	0.613
Laboratory parameters
TBil (μmol/L)	1.002 (1.001-1.003)	< 0.001
TBA (μmol/L)	1.001 (1.000-1.002)	0.118
Albumin (g/L)	0.910 (0.888-0.931)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	0.997 (0.995-1.000)	0.047
AST (U/L)	1.002 (1.000-1.004)	0.025
ALP (U/L)	1.001 (1.000-1.001)	0.008
GGT (U/L)	1.000 (1.000-1.001)	0.203
Platelets (× 109/L)	0.996 (0.994-0.998)	< 0.001
INR	1.549 (1.124-2.136)	0.008
Immunological markers
AMA-M2 positive	0.741 (0.546-1.008)	0.056
Anti-sp100 positive	1.359 (0.921-2.007)	0.122
Anti-gp210 positive	1.247 (0.936-1.660)	0.132
Study groups
T2DM	0.919 (0.529-1.595)	0.763
Lean1	0.787 (0.534-1.160)	0.227
T2DM-lean	2.551 (1.344-4.840)	0.004

¹Lean status was defined by a body mass index threshold of < 23 kg/m².

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TBil: Total bilirubin; TBA: Total bile acid; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase; INR: International normalized ratio; AMA-M2: Anti-mitochondrial antibody M2; Anti-sp100: Anti-speckled protein 100; Anti-gp210: Anti-glycoprotein 210; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.