Lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of mortality in primary biliary cholangitis

Table 2 Cox regression analysis of lean type 2 diabetes mellitus phenotype as an independent predictor of liver-related mortality in primary biliary cholangitis patients

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)1	P value	HR (95%CI)2	P value	HR (95%CI)3	P value
Age (years)	1.028 (1.016-1.039)	< 0.001	1.022 (1.010-1.033)	< 0.001	1.023 (1.011-1.035)	< 0.001	1.017 (1.003-1.031)	0.017
Female (%)	0.942 (0.676-1.311)	0.722	0.892 (0.640-1.242)	0.498	0.897 (0.643-1.250)	0.520	0.888 (0.627-1.257)	0.503
Combined medical history
Hepatic steatosis	0.513 (0.328-0.804)	0.004			0.606 (0.384-0.957)	0.032	0.816 (0.512-1.298)	0.39
Hypertension	0.769 (0.542-1.093)	0.144			0.610 (0.421-0.885)	0.009	0.863 (0.59-1.263)	0.448
Coronary heart disease	1.169 (0.620-2.204)	0.628			1.077 (0.550-2.109)	0.828	1.193 (0.602-2.364)	0.613
Laboratory parameters
TBil (μmol/L)	1.003 (1.002-1.004)	< 0.001					1.002 (1.001-1.003)	< 0.001
TBA (μmol/L)	1.002 (1.002-1.003)	< 0.001					1.001 (1-1.002)	0.118
Albumin (g/L)	0.871 (0.855-0.887)	< 0.001					0.91 (0.888-0.931)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	0.998 (0.997-1.000)	0.026					0.997 (0.995-1)	0.047
AST (U/L)	1.001 (1.000-1.001)	0.236					1.002 (1-1.004)	0.025
ALP (U/L)	1.001 (1.000-1.001)	< 0.001					1.001 (1-1.001)	0.008
GGT (U/L)	1.000 (1.000-1.000)	0.803					1 (1-1.001)	0.203
Platelets (× 109/L)	0.993 (0.991-0.995)	< 0.001					0.996 (0.994-0.998)	< 0.001
INR	3.148 (2.581-3.840)	< 0.001					1.549 (1.124-2.136)	0.008
Immunological markers
AMA-M2 positive	1.229 (0.923-1.637)	0.158					0.741 (0.546-1.008)	0.056
Anti-sp100 positive	1.346 (0.922-1.965)	0.123					1.247 (0.936-1.66)	0.132
Anti-gp210 positive	1.535 (1.171-2.012)	0.002					1.359 (0.921-2.007)	0.122
Study groups
Non-lean non-T2DM	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001
Lean non-T2DM	1.553 (1.086-2.223)	0.016	1.512 (1.056-2.164)	0.024	1.385 (0.964-1.990)	0.078	0.787 (0.534-1.16)	0.227
Non-lean T2DM	2.123 (1.267-3.558)	0.004	1.801 (1.068-3.037)	0.027	2.020 (1.193-3.420)	0.009	0.919 (0.529-1.595)	0.763
Lean T2DM	4.064 (2.759-5.987)	< 0.001	3.596 (2.429-5.323)	< 0.001	3.450 (2.325-5.121)	< 0.001	1.845 (1.219-2.793)	0.004

¹Model A: Adjusted for age, sex, and the study groups.

²Model B: Adjusted for age, sex, hepatic steatosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and the study groups.

³Model C: Adjusted for age, sex, hepatic steatosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, total bilirubin, total bile acids, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, platelet, international normalized ratio, anti-mitochondrial antibody-M2, anti-sp100 antibody, anti-glycoprotein 210 antibody, and the study groups.

TBil: Total bilirubin; TBA: Total bile acid; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase; INR: International normalized ratio; AMA-M2: Anti-mitochondrial antibody M2; Anti-sp100: Anti-speckled protein 100; Anti-gp210: Anti-glycoprotein 210; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.