Lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of mortality in primary biliary cholangitis

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Apr 7, 2026; 32(13): 115649
Published online Apr 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of primary biliary cholangitis with different diabetes status and lean phenotype status, median (interquartile range)/n (%)

Characteristic	Overall (n = 877)	Lean T2DM (n = 129)	Non-lean T2DM (n = 75)	Lean non-T2DM (n = 415)	Non-lean non-T2DM (n = 258)	P value
Age (years)	57 (50-66)	60 (53-69)	62 (56-70)	57 (49-65)	54 (47.75-64)	< 0.001
Female	716 (81.64)	104 (80.62)	61 (81.33)	344 (82.89)	207 (80.23)	0.833
BMI (kg/m²)	21.88 (19.29-24)	20.29 (18.05-21.65)	25 (24-26)	20 (18-21.08)	25 (24-26)	< 0.001
Combined medical history
Hepatic steatosis	131 (14.94)	13 (10.08)	19 (25.33)	38 (9.16)	61 (23.64)	< 0.001
Hypertension	176 (20.07)	35 (27.13)	31 (41.33)	57 (13.73)	53 (20.54)	< 0.001
Coronary heart disease	37 (4.22)	4 (3.10)	10 (13.33)	9 (2.17)	14 (5.43)	< 0.001
Laboratory parameters
TBil (μmol/L)	25 (14.8-70.75)	35.2 (16.35-109.45)	29.8 (17-63.3)	25.9 (15.3-72.7)	20.55 (13.1-50.03)	< 0.001
TBA (μmol/L)	32 (9.6-122.2)	44.9 (12.35-166.35)	30.8 (9.6-90.6)	38.5 (12.4-134.6)	17.45 (7.8-87.3)	< 0.001
Albumin (g/L)	50 (27-95)	39 (24-89)	48 (25-87)	52 (27-94)	53 (32.75-100.25)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	63 (38-106)	60 (32.5-109.5)	48 (32-88)	72 (41-115)	55.5 (37-98.5)	0.015
AST (U/L)	200 (128-339)	199 (112-322)	160 (114-254)	230 (137-411)	181 (119.75-268.75)	0.004
ALP (U/L)	165 (68-367)	131 (68.5-336)	155 (66-330)	196 (67-420)	149.5 (70.75-344)	< 0.001
GGT (U/L)	35.2 (29.85-40.4)	31.5 (27.35-36.75)	32.7 (28.5-38.6)	34.9 (29.4-40.3)	38 (33.78-42.05)	0.267
Platelets (× 10⁹/L)	156 (90-229)	127 (69.5-184)	122 (75-178)	154 (101-230)	185.5 (111.75-246)	< 0.001
INR	1.04 (0.95-1.2)	1.13 (0.97-1.26)	1.16 (0.99-1.28)	1.05 (0.95-1.12)	1 (0.94-1.12)	< 0.001
Immunological markers
AMA-M2 positive	612 (69.78)	103 (79.84)	50 (66.67)	288 (69.40)	171 (66.28)	0.045
Anti-sp100 positive	242 (26.89)	19 (14.73)	8 (10.67)	43 (10.36)	26 (10.08)	0.075
Anti-gp210 positive	233 (26.57)	39 (30.23)	22 (29.33)	119 (28.67)	53 (20.54)	0.524
Outcome (death)	234 (26.68)	66 (51.16)	22 (29.33)	104 (25.06)	42 (16.28)	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; TBil: Total bilirubin; TBA: Total bile acid; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase; INR: International normalized ratio; AMA-M2: Anti-mitochondrial antibody M2; Anti-sp100: Anti-speckled protein 100; Anti-gp210: Anti-glycoprotein 210; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Citation: Yin TT, Lin HY, Zhou M, Li JW, Mo QL, Wang HJ, Chen J, Zhu HL, Li YT, Zheng MY, Yang JH. Lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of mortality in primary biliary cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(13): 115649
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i13/115649.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649

Yin TT, Lin HY, Zhou M, Li JW, Mo QL, Wang HJ, Chen J, Zhu HL, Li YT, Zheng MY, Yang JH. Lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of mortality in primary biliary cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(13): 115649 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649]

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