Impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on liver metastasis and survival in pancreatic cancer

Table 3 Risk factors for liver metastasis in patients without liver metastasis at the primary diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

Variables	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age (years)	0.987	0.979-0.995	0.002	0.985	0.974-0.997	0.016
Male	0.882	0.740-1.051	0.159
Diabetes mellitus	0.853	0.714-1.019	0.080
Hypertension	1.080	0.906-1.287	0.389
Cirrhosis	1.084	0.152-7.711	0.936
Body mass index (kg/m2)	1.000	0.971-1.029	0.977
Tumor size	1.013	1.006-1.020	< 0.001	1.008	1.001-1.016	0.031
HSI	1.004	0.990-1.019	0.558
HSI > 30	0.921	0.741-1.144	0.457
HSI > 36	0.964	0.800-1.161	0.700
TG (mg/dL)	1.000	0.999-1.002	0.733
HDL (mg/dL)	0.994	0.985-1.003	0.164
LDL (mg/dL)	1.000	0.997-1.003	0.943
CA19-9 > 260 (U/mL)	1.662	1.393-1.984	< 0.001	1.662	1.279-2.160	< 0.001

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; HSI: Hepatic steatosis index; TG: Triglyceride; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; CA: Carbohydrate antigen.