Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy-assisted procedures for the management of postoperative benign bilioenteric anastomotic strictures with or without biliary stones

Table 3 Outcomes of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy-assisted procedures in patients with a benign biliary anastomotic stricture, n (%)

Outcomes	Value
Primary outcomes
Anastomotic patency rate
Initial patency rate after stricture dilation (n = 31)
1 year (3-11 months)	18 (58.1)
2 years (3-21 months)	13 (41.9)
Cumulative patency rate after catheter removal (n = 29)
1 year (%)	(74.3)
2 years (%)	(69.7)
3 years (%)	(59.7)
5 years (%)	(49.8)
7 years (%)	(34.8)
8 years (%)	(21.8)
9 years (%)	(14.5)
Treatment success (n = 32)	29 (90.6)
Secondary outcomes
Technical success for PTCS-assisted stricture dilation (n = 31)	31 (100.0)
Simple stricture for mean 1.2 BD sessions (n = 19)	19 (100.0)
Complex stricture for mean 1.4 BD sessions (n = 8)	8 (100.0)
Simple strictures for bougie dilation (n = 4)	4 (100.0)
Initial technical success without a prior recanalization technique (n = 32)	24 (75.0)
Technical success of PTCS-assisted recanalization (n = 8)	7 (87.5)
With guidewire (n = 4)	4 (100.0)
With microcatheter system (n = 2)	2 (100.0)
With needle knife (n = 2)	1 (50.0)
Overall technical success with or without a recanalization technique (n = 32)	31 (96.9)
Technical success of PTCS-assisted lithotripsy/stone removal (n = 36)	34 (94.4)
Stones recurred (n = 28)	3 (10.7)
Successful removal of indwelling PTCS catheter (n = 32)	291 (90.6)
Duration of indwelling PTCS catheter, median months (range), (n = 29)	6 (2-109)

¹3 patients with the catheter unable to be removed, including due to repeated recurrence of the stricture and/or stones (n = 2) and unsuccessful recanalization (n = 1).

PTCS: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy; BD: Balloon dilation.