Chaihu-Shugan-San ameliorates chronic atrophic gastritis by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B-mediated inflammation and apoptosis

Figure 4 Effects of Chaihu-Shugan-San on inflammation and apoptosis in methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-treated rats. A: Chaihu-Shugan-San-active ingredient–target-signaling pathway network; B: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment histogram; C: Levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the serum of rats; D: Western blotting examined the apoptotic proteins BCL2 and BAX in the gastric mucosa of rats; E: Activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 6). Differences were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. P values vs chronic atrophic gastritis model group. NS: No significance; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis; CSS: Chaihu-Shugan-San; Con: Control; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.