Defining and predicting textbook outcomes in laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of failure to achieve textbook outcome in laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy

Variables	Univariable OR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariable OR (95%CI)	P value
Age ≥ 50 years	1.44 (0.93-2.22)	0.100
Sex: Female	0.53 (0.34-0.82)	0.004a	0.62 (0.39-0.99)	0.046a
BMI grade
18.5-24	Ref.
< 18.5	0.84 (0.39-1.81)	0.658
≥ 24	1.50 (0.94-2.39)	0.088
Smoker or ex-smoker	1.35 (0.63-2.92)	0.439
Alcohol	1.55 (0.68-3.52)	0.297
Diabetes	0.58 (0.21-1.59)	0.293
Previous abdominal surgery	0.85 (0.39-1.89)	0.697
Asymptomatic	0.87 (0.56-1.34)	0.514
Anemia	1.24 (0.66-2.31)	0.508
Weight loss	1.68 (0.94-3.02)	0.082
ASA score
I and II	Ref.
III and IV	1.28 (0.72-2.28)	0.400
Cardiovascular disease	1.94 (1.09-3.45)	0.025	1.62 (0.88-2.98)	0.117
Pancreatitis	1.43 (0.66-3.11)	0.365
Lesion size (cm)	1.07 (0.99-1.16)	0.078
Lesion location
Tail	Ref.
Body	0.82 (0.52-1.29)	0.394
Neck	0.68 (0.32-1.45)	0.319
Lesion consistency
Cystic	Ref.
Cystic-solid	2.59 (1.43-4.69)	0.002a	2.51 (1.34-4.69)	0.004a
Solid	2.61 (1.52-4.47)	< 0.001a	1.91 (1.06-3.44)	0.032a
Splenic vessel involvement	1.84 (1.03-3.29)	0.041a	0.86 (0.41-1.81)	0. 689
Pancreatic portal hypertension	2.80 (1.27-6.16)	0.010a	2.81 (1.06-7.45)	0.038a
Pancreatic duct dilation	0.75 (0.42-1.34)	0.329
Preoperative EUS-FNA	2.81 (1.16-6.81)	0.022a	2.66 (1.05-6.73)	0.038a
Pancreatic texture
Hard	Ref.
Soft	1.11 (0.60-2.06)	0.746
Intraoperative blood transfusion	1.47 (0.52-4.13)	0.469
Local invasion	3.19 (1.23-8.29)	0.017a	1.97 (0.70-5.55)	0.200
Delayed gastric emptying	2.33 (1.00-5.43)	0.051
Spleen preservation	0.54 (0.34-0.84)	0.006a	0.83 (0.50-1.36)	0.455
Additional organ resection	2.43 (0.34-17.44)	0.378
Lymph node dissection	1.43 (0.93-2.20)	0.100
Malignancy	1.58 (0.96-2.61)	0.074

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; EUS-FNA: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.