Efficacy of indomethacin for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 3 Results of the subgroup analysis of multivariance analysis outcomes

Outcomes	Studies	RR	95%CI	P value	Heterogeneity
Age > 40 years	13	0.79	0.59-1.05	0.10	62%
Female patients	14	0.80	0.60-1.07	0.13	56%
Prior cholecystectomy	4	0.42	0.24-0.71	< 0.01	0%
History of pancreatitis	7	0.67	0.47-0.95	0.03	0%
Difficult cannulation	11	0.62	0.44-0.89	< 0.01	59%
Pancreatic sphincterotomy	9	0.29	0.18-0.46	< 0.01	25%
Biliary sphincterotomy	7	0.85	0.74-0.99	0.03	0%
Trainee involvement	6	1.79	0.89-3.60	0.10	84%
Pancreatic duct stent	6	1.41	1.19-1.67	< 0.01	0%

RR: Risk ratios; CI: Confidence interval.