Efficacy of indomethacin for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Outcome of the studies

Ref.	Total adverse events	Abdominal pain	Bleeding	Cholangitis	Mortality
Romano-Munive et al[50], 2021, Mexico	EI = 40	9	9	5	2
	WI = 41	5	3	10	6
Patai et al[22], 2017, Hungary	Indomethacin = 30	NA	9	2	NA
	Placebo = 42		3	2
Elmunzer et al[35], 2012, United States	Indomethacin = 4	NA	4	NA	NA
	Placebo = 9		7
Levenick et al[51], 2016, United States	Indomethacin = 4	NA	4	NA	0
	Placebo = 6		6		3
Liu et al[52], 2024, China	Indomethacin = NA	NA	NA	NA	0
	Placebo = NA				1
Guha et al[38], 2023, India	Indomethacin = 11	43	3	NA	3
	Placebo = 8	40	4		3
Andrade-Dávila et al[33], 2015, Mexico	Indomethacin = 2	NA	2	NA	NA
	Placebo = 3		3
Qian et al[54], 2022, China	Indomethacin = 65	NA	NA	5	NA
	Placebo = 99			13
Wu et al[43], 2023, China	Indomethacin = 62	NA	45	NA	2
	Somatostatin = 21		18		3
	Somatostatin + indomethacin = 25		21
	Placebo = 43		30
Fogel et al[36], 2020, United States	Indomethacin = 6	NA	6	NA	NA
	Placebo = 8		8
Kamal et al[57], 2019, United States, India	Indomethacin = 6	NA	0	NA	3
	Placebo = 8		10		3
Luo et al[58], 2019, China	Indomethacin = 42	NA		4	8
	Placebo = 44			6	9
Mok et al[41], 2017, United States	NA	NA	NA	NA	2
					1
					2
					1
Sotoudehmanesh et al[59], 2014, Iran	NA	1	NA	NA	NA
		2
Wang et al[42], 2020, China	NA	NA	4	4	NA
			6	8
			4	4
Sperna Weiland et al[61], 2021, Netherlands	Indomethacin = 30	NA	NA	NA	12
	Indomethacin + hydration = 24				11

EI: Epinephrine and rectal indomethacin; WI: Sterile water and rectal indomethacin; NA: Not available.