Gene, genetics and genetic medicines in gastroenterology: Current status and its future

Table 13 Gene editing techniques and their application

Gene editing techniques	In vivo gene editing	Ex vivo gene editing
Technique	CRISPR-Cas system is delivered by various vectors to disease-associated cells or organs of the body to correct the mutations or treat the cause of diseases	Targeted cells of a patient are extracted, isolated, edited, expanded, and delivered back to the same patient
Application	Treatment of monogenic genetic disorders	Cancer immunotherapy. Treatment of hereditary diseases. Viral infection inhibition

CRISPR-Cas: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9.