Predicting lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer using case-level multiple instance learning

Figure 3 Comparison of computational efficiency across different model configurations. A: CONCH v1.5 model with pathologist-annotated regions of interest (ROI); B: CONCH v1.5 model without ROI annotations; C: UNI2-h model with ROI annotations; D: UNI2-h model without ROI annotations. Each panel displays the mean epoch duration (in seconds), comparing slide-level (black bars) and case-level (gray bars) training strategies. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using a two-tailed unpaired t-test (A, C, D) or a Mann-Whitney U test (B). ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, ^dP < 0.0001. ROI: Regions of interest.