Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections after liver transplantation: Drug resistance, risk factors and impact on prognosis

Table 1 Demographic, laboratory, and clinical variables of 430 liver transplant recipients, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics	Value	Range
Recipient age (years)	47.2 ± 10.6	18-73
Recipient gender (female)	78 (18.1)
Recipient BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR)	22.8 (20.8-25.1)	13.8-37.1
Hospital stay prior to LT (days), median (IQR)	9.0 (1.0-22.0)	1-161
MELD score at LT, median (IQR)	23.0 (15.0-30.0)	6-40
Infection within 2 months prior to LT	170 (39.5)
Pre-LT use of broad-spectrum antibiotics	168 (39.1)
Underlying liver diseases	430 (100)
Viral cirrhosis/necrosis/tumor	319 (74.2)
Alcoholic cirrhosis	32 (7.4)
Autoimmune hepatitis	15 (3.5)
Primary biliary cirrhosis	13 (3.0)
Mixed cirrhosis	24 (5.6)
Others1	27 (6.0)
Pre-LT type 2 diabetes	51 (11.9)
Pre-LT creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR)	0.8 (0.6-1.0)	0.1-10.7
Pre-LT WBC count (× 109/L), median (IQR)	5.2 (3.5-8.0)	0.5-33.6
Pre-LT lymphocyte count (× 109/L), median (IQR)	0.8 (0.5-1.2)	0.1-3.7
Pre-LT platelet count (× 109/L), median (IQR)	70.0 (43.0-106.3)	7.0-491.0
Pre-LT albumin level (g/L), median (IQR)	34.5 (30.7-38.0)	18.0-55.7
Donor age (years)	42.2 ± 13.1	7-68
Steatosis ≥ 30%	43 (10.0)
Cold ischemia time (hour)	6.3 ± 1.4	1.5-9.6
Duration of surgery (minutes), median (IQR)	380.0 (333.0-430.0)	185-710
Intraoperative bleeding (mL), median (IQR)	3000.0 (2000.0-5000.0)	500-27000
Intraoperative RBC transfusion (units), median (IQR)	12.0 (8.0-18.0)	0-44.0
Post-LT infections due to Klebsiella pneumoniae	33 (7.7)
Median interval between the onset of CRKP infections and LT (days), median (IQR)	6.5 (2.0-17.0)	1-116
CRKP infections	20 (4.7)
Post-LT immunosuppressant treatment	430 (100)
Tacrolimus	419 (97.4)
Ciclosporin A	5 (1.2)
Mycophenolate mofetil/enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium	299 (69.5)
Sirolimus	5 (1.2)
Glucocorticoid	430 (100)
Basiliximab	238 (55.3)
Anti-thymocyte globulin	18 (4.2)
ALT on day 1 after LT (U/L), median (IQR)	697.5 (385.0-1276.3)	54.0-8972.0
Creatinine on day 3 after LT (mg/dL), median (IQR)	0.9 (0.7-1.4)	0.3-12.6
Albumin level on day 1 after LT (g/L), median (IQR)	37.1 (33.6-40.6)	22.5-51.9
Post-LT mechanical ventilation	96 (22.3)
Reoperation	17 (4.0)
Acute rejection	68 (15.8)
Post-LT renal replacement therapy	19 (4.4)
ICU stay after LT (days), median (IQR)	6.0 (5.0-7.0)	0-32
Hospitalization stay after LT (days), median (IQR)	26.0 (21.0-30.0)	3-137
All-cause mortality within 6 months after LT	37 (8.6)
CRKP infections-related mortality	7 (1.6)

¹There were 10 cases of cryptogenic cirrhosis, 5 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome, 3 cases each of hepatolenticular degeneration and transplant liver failure, 2 cases each of drug-induced liver injury, polycystic liver, and familial hereditary amyloidosis.

LT: Liver transplant; BMI: Body mass index; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; IQR: Interquartile range; WBC: White blood cell; RBC: Red blood cell; CRKP: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ICU: Intensive care unit.