Clinical, pathological characteristics and long-term outcomes of hepatitis B virus related cirrhosis in pediatric observational study

Table 4 Comparisons between pediatric liver cirrhosis and adult liver cirrhosis, median (interquartile range)/n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	Pediatric (n = 62)	Adult (n = 69)	P value
Demographics
Age (years)	11(4-14)	43(34-46.5)	< 0.0001
Sex			0.9812
Male	54 (87.1)	60 (87)
Female	8 (12.9)	9 (13)
Comorbidity			< 0.0001
Hepatic encephalopathy	0 (0)	4 (5.8)
Ascites	4 (6.5)	6 (8.7)
Gastrointestinal bleeding	0 (0)	41 (59.4)
Presenting symptoms of cirrhosis			< 0.0001
Asymptomatic	48 (77.4)	8 (11.6)
Fatigue	3 (4.8)	19 (27.5)
Jaundice	4 (6.5)	3 (4.4)
Abdominal discomfort	6 (9.7)	16 (23.2)
Gastrointestinal bleeding	2 (3.2)	41 (59.4)
Nausea	0 (0)	7 (10.1)
Poor appetite	4 (6.5)	6 (8.7)
Antiviral therapy before LC	8 (12.9)	35 (53.8)	< 0.0001
History of self-discontinuation of antiviral therapy	8 (12.9)	8 (11.6)	0.821
Biochemistry
ALT (U/L)	107.5 (58.5-207.25)	29 (18-42)	< 0.0001
AST (U/L)	110.5 (64.25-169.5)	39 (26-53.5)	< 0.0001
GGT (U/L)	70.5 (48-105)	28 (18-46.5)	< 0.0001
ALP (U/L)	299 (232.25-373)	70.5 (58-86)	< 0.0001
ALB (g/L)	39 (36-41.25)	36 (32-38.5)	0.0003
TBIL (μmol/L)	11.05 (8.1-19.15)	11.9 (12.65-24.9)	0.0002
DBIL (μmol/L)	4.7 (3.08-8.48)	8.3 (5.3-11.25)	< 0.0001
Glucose (mmol/L)	4.5 (4.08-4.89)	5 (4.26-6.29)	0.004
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.15 (0.97-1.4)	1.83 (1.57-2.63)	0.008
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.27 (2.02-2.85)	1.79 (1.56-2.56)	0.0018
TG (mmol/L)	0.94 (0.75-1.28)	0.78 (0.57-1.17)	0.06226
Cr (μmol/L)	48.68 ± 14.11	75.61 ± 15.29	< 0.0001
HGB (g/L)	127.84 ± 14.45	103.38 ± 22.29	< 0.0001
PLT (109/L)	165 (113.5-221)	91 (53.5-149)	0.0072
WBC (109/L)	6.19 (4.67-7.62)	7.24 (3.31-10.91)	0.0062
Lymphocyte (109/L)	3.15(2.12-4.26)	0.79 (0.55-1.49)	< 0.0001
Neutrophil (109/L)	3.175 (2.15-4.27)	5.05 (2.14-9.18)	< 0.0001
log10(qHBV DNA)	6.3 (4.58-7.54)	0 (0-5.43)	< 0.0001
log10(qHBsAg)	3.11 (0-3.69)	5.19 (3-9.11)	0.465
HBeAg(+)	48 (81.4)	27 (39.1)	< 0.0001
AFP (ng/mL)	51 (13.73-255)	3.97 (1.96-12.5)	0.0261
PT (seconds)	12.3 (11.55-13.35)	13.7 (12.9-15)	< 0.0001
INR	1.06 (0.99-1.14)	1.18 (1.11-1.28)	< 0.0001

LC: Liver cirrhosis; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALB: Albumin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; Cr: Creatinine; HGB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelets; WBC: White blood cell; qHBV: Quantification hepatitis B virus; qHBsAg: Quantification hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; PT: Prothrombin time; INR: International normalized ratio.