Exploring exercise modalities and their impact on inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of rodent colitis models

Table 3 Effects of exercise on obese mice with colitis

Ref.	Diet	Model	Exercise	Outcomes
Mazur-Bialy et al[27]	HFD: 42% fat, 5495.855 kcal/kg; SD: 3518.05 kcal/kg	TNBS	VWR	Macroscopic parameters: Body weight (decreasing), mesenteric fat pad/body weight (decreasing), colonic blood flow (increasing), DAI (decreasing); Plasma level: TNF-α (decreasing), MCP-1 (decreasing), IL-6 (decreasing), IL-13 (decreasing), IL-17 (decreasing), IL-1α (decreasing), KC (decreasing), IL-4 (decreasing), leptin (decreasing), irisin (increasing), adiponectin (increasing); White adipose tissue: TNF-α (decreasing), IL-6 (decreasing), MCP-1 (decreasing), leptin (decreasing), adiponectin (increasing)
Wojcik-Grzybek et al[30]	HFD: 42% fat, 5495.855 kcal/kg; SD: 3518.05 kcal/kg	TNBS	VWR	Macroscopic parameters: Body weight (decreasing), grip strength test (increasing), DAI (decreasing); Colon parameters: MDA/4-HNE (decreasing), 8-OHdG (decreasing), GSH/GSSG (increasing), SOD (decreasing); Plasma level: IL-2 (increasing), IL-10 (decreasing), IL-17α (decreasing), MCP-1 (decreasing), IL-6 (decreasing), IL-12 p70 (decreasing), TNF-α (decreasing), leptin (decreasing)
Maillard et al[28]	High-fat and sugar diet: 13.2% proteins, 58.7% lipids, 28.1% carbohydrates(sucrose), 5317 kcal/kg	CEABAC10 transgenic mice + invasive Escherichia coli	VWR	Macroscopic parameters: Body weight (no change), mesenteric adipose tissue (decreasing); Plasma level: Active LPS (no change); Colon tight junction proteins: Occludin (increasing), ZO-1 (increasing); Fecal SCFAs: Propionate (increasing), butyrate (increasing), acetate (no change); Gut microbiota: Α-diversity (no change), β-diversity (increasing), Ruminococcus (increasing), Oscillospira (increasing)
Bilski et al[18]	HFD: 70% cholesterol; LFD: 10% cholesterol; SD: < 5% of total fat	Wistar rats with TNBS	FTR	Macroscopic parameters: Area of colonic lesions(decreasing), colonic blood flow (increasing), weight of colonic tissue (decreasing); Plasma level: IL-1β (decreasing), TNF-α (decreasing), TWEAK (decreasing), irisin (increasing), IL-6 (increasing); Colon parameters: MPO activity (decreasing), leptin (decreasing), adiponectin (increasing), IL-1β (decreasing), TNF-α (decreasing), HIF-1α (decreasing)
Bilski et al[19]	HFD: 42% fat	C57BL/6 TNBS	FTR	Macroscopic parameters: DAI (increasing), CBF (decreasing), histological score (increasing), energy intake (decreasing); Colon inflammatory parameters: TNF-mRNA (increasing), TNF-protein (increasing), IL-1 mRNA (increasing), IL-1 protein (increasing), IL-6 mRNA (increasing), IL-6 protein (increasing), IL-17 (increasing), IL-10 (increasing), IFN-γ (increasing); Colon oxidation and antioxidant parameters: MDA/4-HNE (increasing), GSH (increasing), SOD (increasing), HO-1 mRNA (no change), iNOS mRNA (increasing), COX2 mRNA (increasing), HO-1 protein (no change), HIF-1α protein (increasing)

All data were obese colitis + exercise vs obese colitis + sedentary. HFD: High-fat diet; LFD: Low-fat diet; SD: Standard diet; TNBS: Trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid; FTR: Forced treadmill running; VWR: Voluntary wheel running; DAI: Disease activity index; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; mRNA: Messenger RNA; IL: Interleukin; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; KC: Murine chemokine; MDA: Malondialdehyde; 4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal; 8-OHdG: 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine; GSH: Glutathione; GSSG: Oxidized glutathione; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; LPS: Lipopolysaccharides; ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1; SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids; TWEAK: Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; HIF: Hypoxia-inducible factor; CBF: Cerebral blood flow; IFN: Interferon; HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; COX2: Cyclooxygenase 2.