Sex-based differences in hepatitis delta virus infection: Insights from the Italian PITER hepatitis delta virus cohort

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.111637

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2025; 31(47): 111637
Published online Dec 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.111637

Table 4 Propensity score analysis and weighted logistic regression model

Balanced variables	Unweighted (std-diff)	Weighted (std-diff)	P value
Age (Ref. ≤ 55 years)	0.1229701	-0.0728242
HDV-RNA (Ref. neg)	0.1365088	-0.013608
HBV DNA (Ref. neg)	0.0022074	-0.0190112
Previous IFN (Ref. no IFN)	0.0422737	-0.0327822
Years of NUC therapy (continuous variable)	-0.077061	0.0570684
Alcohol use (Ref. no alcohol)	-0.6436189	0.0261042
Diabetes (Ref. no diabetes)	-0.1993716	-0.0714145
BMI 25-30 (Ref. < 25)	-0.0935022	-0.0181635
BMI ≥ 30 (Ref. < 25)	0.0949776	-0.0145787
Multivariable analysis	OR	95%CI
Sex (Ref. female)	1.85	1.004-3.40	0.048

Outcome: Cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma. Study population: Hepatitis B surface antigen +/anti-hepatitis delta virus positive patients, excluding patients coinfected by human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; HDV: Hepatitis delta virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; IFN: Interferon; neg: Negative; NUC: Nucleos(t)ide analogue; OR: Odds ratio; Std-diff: Standardized difference.

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Citation: Coco B, Quaranta MG, Tosti ME, Ferrigno L, Brancaccio G, Ciancio A, Coppola C, Messina V, Gentile I, Claar E, Morisco F, Santantonio T, Viganò M, Cacciola I, Pompili M, Russo FP, Izzi A, Niro GA, Coppola N, Soria A, Federico A, Morsica G, Puoti M, Villa E, Lampertico P, Gaeta GB, Kondili LA, Brunetto MR, PITER Collaborating Investigators. Sex-based differences in hepatitis delta virus infection: Insights from the Italian PITER hepatitis delta virus cohort. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(47): 111637
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i47/111637.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.111637

Coco B, Quaranta MG, Tosti ME, Ferrigno L, Brancaccio G, Ciancio A, Coppola C, Messina V, Gentile I, Claar E, Morisco F, Santantonio T, Viganò M, Cacciola I, Pompili M, Russo FP, Izzi A, Niro GA, Coppola N, Soria A, Federico A, Morsica G, Puoti M, Villa E, Lampertico P, Gaeta GB, Kondili LA, Brunetto MR, PITER Collaborating Investigators. Sex-based differences in hepatitis delta virus infection: Insights from the Italian PITER hepatitis delta virus cohort. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(47): 111637 [PMID: 41479753 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.111637]

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