Sex-based differences in hepatitis delta virus infection: Insights from the Italian PITER hepatitis delta virus cohort

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.111637

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2025; 31(47): 111637
Published online Dec 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.111637

Table 3 Characteristics of hepatitis delta virus-RNA positive patients by sex, n (%)

Characteristics	HDV-RNA positive		P value
Characteristics	Males (n = 176¹)	Females (n = 124¹)	P value
Age, median (Q1-Q3)	55 (46.5-63)	56 (43.5-62.5)	0.599
≤ 40	23 (13.1)	29 (23.4)	0.226
41-50	37 (21.0)	23 (18.5)
51-60	54 (30.7)	31 (25.0)
61-70	48 (27.3)	31 (25.0)
> 70	14 (7.9)	10 (8.1)
Non-Italian natives	55 (31.2)	65 (52.4)	< 0.001
HDV RNA, median (Q1-Q3)	66457 (1720-669213)	50739 (4060.9-372159)	0.932
ALT > 35 IU/L	138 (81.2)	87 (73.1)	0.104
GGT >50 IU/L	79 (57.7)	33 (34.0)	< 0.001
HBeAg positive	8 (4.7)	9 (7.6)	0.316
Cirrhosis	137 (77.8)	92 (74.2)	0.464
Child-Pugh class
A	119 (87.5)	77 (88.5)	> 0.999
B	16 (11.8)	10 (11.5)
C	1 (0.7)	0 (0.0)
MELD ≥ 20	3 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	0.284
HCC	31 (17.9)	7 (5.8)	0.002
PLT ≤ 150000	103 (61.3)	76 (63.9)	0.660
Previous IFN	64 (39.5)	33 (30.0)	0.108
NUC treatment
Ongoing NUC therapy	137 (78.3)	90 (73.2)	0.308
Years of NUC therapy, median (Q1-Q3)	4.1 (1.6-7.4)	4.2 (2.1-7.2)	0.653

¹Proportions are based on available data. Inconsistencies are due to missing values.

HDV: Hepatitis delta virus; ALT: Alanine transaminase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HBeAg: Hepatitis Be antigen; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; IFN: Interferon; PLT: Platelet; Q1: Quarter 1; Q3: Quarter 3; NUC: Nucleos(t)ide analogue.

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Citation: Coco B, Quaranta MG, Tosti ME, Ferrigno L, Brancaccio G, Ciancio A, Coppola C, Messina V, Gentile I, Claar E, Morisco F, Santantonio T, Viganò M, Cacciola I, Pompili M, Russo FP, Izzi A, Niro GA, Coppola N, Soria A, Federico A, Morsica G, Puoti M, Villa E, Lampertico P, Gaeta GB, Kondili LA, Brunetto MR, PITER Collaborating Investigators. Sex-based differences in hepatitis delta virus infection: Insights from the Italian PITER hepatitis delta virus cohort. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(47): 111637
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i47/111637.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.111637

Coco B, Quaranta MG, Tosti ME, Ferrigno L, Brancaccio G, Ciancio A, Coppola C, Messina V, Gentile I, Claar E, Morisco F, Santantonio T, Viganò M, Cacciola I, Pompili M, Russo FP, Izzi A, Niro GA, Coppola N, Soria A, Federico A, Morsica G, Puoti M, Villa E, Lampertico P, Gaeta GB, Kondili LA, Brunetto MR, PITER Collaborating Investigators. Sex-based differences in hepatitis delta virus infection: Insights from the Italian PITER hepatitis delta virus cohort. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(47): 111637 [PMID: 41479753 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.111637]

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