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Publication Name
World Journal of Gastroenterology
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1007-9327
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2025; 31(47): 111637
Published online Dec 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.111637
Table 2 Characteristics of hepatitis B surface antigen +/anti-hepatitis delta virus positive patients with F4/cirrhosis by sex, n (%)
CharacteristicsF4/cirrhosis
P value
Males (n = 2321)
Females (n = 1301)
Age, median (Q1-Q3)57 (50-64)57 (46-62)0.163
≤ 4015 (6.5)21 (16.1)0.052
41-5043 (18.5)23 (17.7)
51-6081 (34.9)44 (33.8)
61-7073 (31.5)34 (26.1)
> 7020 (8.6)8 (6.1)
Non-Italian natives55 (23.7)53 (40.8)0.001
Injection drug use (any time)31 (16.4)3 (2.6)< 0.001
Liver biopsy (any time)58 (30.2)30 (28.0)0.693
ALT > 35 IU/L152 (67.9)83 (65.3)0.632
GGT > 50 IU/L101 (55.8)40 (38.1)0.004
HBeAg positive10 (4.5)9 (7.2)0.289
HDV-RNA tested193 (83.2)114 (87.7)0.252
HDV-RNA positive137 (71.0)92 (80.7)0.059
HDV RNA, median (Q1-Q3)95614 (3096-1000000)34563 (3971-377359)0.932
Child-Pugh class
A197 (86.8)103 (82.4)0.231
B25 (11.0)21 (16.8)
C5 (2.2)1 (0.8)
MELD ≥ 206 (3.0)0 (0.0)0.097
HCC38 (16.5)11 (8.6)0.036
PLT ≤ 150000166 (74.1)100 (78.7)0.330
Previous IFN75 (34.6)35 (29.7)0.362
Cofactors of liver disease
Ongoing alcohol use39 (19.8)3 (2.6)< 0.001
Past use50 (25.4)11 (9.6)
BMI 25-3061 (38.4)27 (31.0)0.385
BMI ≥ 3015 (9.4)12 (13.8)
Diabetes22 (9.5)2 (1.5)0.004
Steatotic liver disease63 (27.2)23 (17.7)0.042
Anti-HCV positive (all HCV RNA negative)33 (15.9)1 (0.9)< 0.001
anti-HIV positive14 (7.1)1 (1.0)0.024
NUC treatment
Ongoing NUC therapy186 (80.5)102 (79.1)0.742
Years of NUC therapy, median (Q1-Q3)4.8 (1.5-8.2)4.3 (2.1-7.7)0.683
1Proportions are based on available data. Inconsistencies are due to missing values.
HDV: Hepatitis delta virus; ALT: Alanine transaminase; BMI: Body mass index; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HBeAg: Hepatitis Be antigen; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; IFN: Interferon; PLT: Platelet; Q1: Quarter 1; Q3: Quarter 3; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; NUC: Nucleos(t)ide analogue.
Full Size Table
  • Citation: Coco B, Quaranta MG, Tosti ME, Ferrigno L, Brancaccio G, Ciancio A, Coppola C, Messina V, Gentile I, Claar E, Morisco F, Santantonio T, Viganò M, Cacciola I, Pompili M, Russo FP, Izzi A, Niro GA, Coppola N, Soria A, Federico A, Morsica G, Puoti M, Villa E, Lampertico P, Gaeta GB, Kondili LA, Brunetto MR, PITER Collaborating Investigators. Sex-based differences in hepatitis delta virus infection: Insights from the Italian PITER hepatitis delta virus cohort. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(47): 111637
  • URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i47/111637.htm
  • DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.111637
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