©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2025; 31(46): 112791
Published online Dec 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i46.112791
Published online Dec 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i46.112791
Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between the Helicobacter pylori-negative early gastric cancer and the Helicobacter pylori-negative-control groups in the training set, n (%)
| HpN-control group (n = 207) | HpN-EGC group (n = 209) | P value | |
| Sex | < 0.001 | ||
| Male | 80 (38.6) | 136 (65.1) | |
| Female | 127 (61.4) | 73 (34.9) | |
| Age, years | 53.0 (42.0, 61.0) | 63.0 (57.0, 68.0) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 (21.8, 26.3) | 23.7 (21.5, 25.9) | 0.499 |
| Smoking1 | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 21 (10.1) | 101 (48.3) | |
| No | 186 (89.9) | 108 (51.7) | |
| Drinking1 | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 33 (15.9) | 88 (42.1) | |
| No | 174 (84.1) | 121 (57.9) | |
| Educational level | < 0.001 | ||
| High school or above | 178 (86.0) | 127 (60.8) | |
| Below high school | 29 (14.0) | 82 (39.2) | |
| Clinical symptoms | 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 130 (62.8) | 163 (78.0) | |
| No | 77 (37.2) | 46 (22.0) | |
| Hypertension | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 38 (18.4) | 77 (36.8) | |
| No | 169 (81.6) | 132 (63.2) | |
| Diabetes | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 9 (4.3) | 37 (17.7) | |
| No | 198 (95.7) | 172 (82.3) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.626 | ||
| Yes | 32 (15.5) | 36 (17.2) | |
| No | 175 (84.5) | 173 (82.8) | |
| Cardiac and cerebral diseases | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 12 (5.8) | 50 (23.9) | |
| No | 195 (94.2) | 159 (76.1) | |
| Digestive comorbidities | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 83 (40.1) | 179 (85.6) | |
| No | 124 (59.9) | 30 (14.4) | |
| Family history of tumors | 0.214 | ||
| Yes | 53 (25.6) | 65 (31.1) | |
| No | 154 (74.4) | 144 (68.9) | |
| CCI | 0.39 ± 0.70 | 0.92 ± 1.11 | < 0.001 |
| Aspirin2 | 0.365 | ||
| Yes | 6 (7.9) | 14 (12.0) | |
| No | 70 (92.1) | 103 (88.0) | |
| Clopidogrel2 | 0.170 | ||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.3) | |
| No | 76 (100.0) | 111 (95.7) | |
| Metformin2 | 0.003 | ||
| Yes | 1 (1.3) | 16 (13.8) | |
| No | 75 (98.7) | 100 (86.2) | |
| Corticosteroids2 | 1.000 | ||
| Yes | 1 (1.3) | 2 (1.7) | |
| No | 75 (98.7) | 115 (98.3) | |
| PPI2 | 0.020 | ||
| Yes | 10 (4.8) | 23 (11.0) | |
| No | 197 (95.2) | 186 (89.0) | |
| Hard food | < 0.001 | ||
| Occasional | 204 (98.6) | 166 (79.4) | |
| Frequent | 3 (1.4) | 43 (20.6) | |
| Fried food | 0.055 | ||
| Occasional | 192 (92.8) | 182 (87.1) | |
| Frequent | 15 (7.2) | 27 (12.9) | |
| Spicy food | < 0.001 | ||
| Occasional | 189 (91.3) | 155 (74.2) | |
| Frequent | 18 (8.7) | 54 (25.8) | |
| Smoked food | < 0.001 | ||
| Occasional | 200 (96.6) | 142 (67.9) | |
| Frequent | 7 (3.4) | 67 (32.1) | |
| Hot food | 0.013 | ||
| Occasional | 156 (75.4) | 134 (64.1) | |
| Frequent | 51 (24.6) | 75 (35.9) | |
| Moldy food | 1.000 | ||
| Occasional | 207 (100.0) | 208 (99.5) | |
| Frequent | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Onion and garlic | 0.005 | ||
| Occasional | 46 (22.2) | 25 (12.0) | |
| Frequent | 161 (77.8) | 184 (88.0) | |
| Legumes | < 0.001 | ||
| Occasional | 81 (39.1) | 134 (64.1) | |
| Frequent | 126 (60.9) | 75 (35.9) | |
| Nuts | < 0.001 | ||
| Occasional | 138 (66.7) | 174 (83.3) | |
| Frequent | 69 (33.3) | 35 (16.7) | |
| Coarse grains | 0.522 | ||
| Occasional | 135 (65.2) | 130 (62.2) | |
| Frequent | 72 (34.8) | 79 (37.8) | |
| Meat, egg, and milk | 0.617 | ||
| Occasional | 16 (7.7) | 19 (9.1) | |
| Frequent | 191 (92.3) | 190 (90.9) | |
| Fruits and vegetables | 0.988 | ||
| Occasional | 5 (2.4) | 4 (1.9) | |
| Frequent | 202 (97.6) | 205 (98.1) |
- Citation: Liu XY, Wang YQ, Li P, Zhang ST, Sun XJ. Development and validation of a nomogram incorporating dietary factors for predicting Helicobacter pylori-negative early gastric cancer risk. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(46): 112791
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i46/112791.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i46.112791