Clinical characteristics and risk factors of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: A multicenter cross-sectional study

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i45.113060

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 7, 2025; 31(45): 113060
Published online Dec 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i45.113060

Table 8 Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis of factors associated with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease

Factors	β	SE	Wald	P value	OR	OR (95%CI)
Age	-0.009	0.006	1.784	0.182	0.991	0.979-1.004
Disease duration	-0.089	0.023	14.943	< 0.001^c	0.915	0.874-0.957
Eating beyond fullness	0.362	0.231	2.453	0.117	1.436	0.913-2.260
Exercise	0.588	0.207	8.091	0.004^b	1.800	1.201-2.698
Esophageal chest pain	-0.008	0.061	0.018	0.892	0.992	0.879-1.118
Sensation of pharyngeal obstruction	0.232	0.171	1.833	0.176	1.261	0.901-1.763
Constipation	0.135	0.163	0.685	0.408	1.145	0.831-1.576
SSS-CN score	-0.014	0.013	1.239	0.266	0.986	0.961-1.011
HADS-A score	-0.085	0.024	13.122	< 0.001^c	0.918	0.877-0.962
GERD-HRQL score	0.006	0.014	0.161	0.689	1.006	0.978-1.034

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; SSS-CN: Somatic symptom scale-China; HADS-A: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety; GERD-HRQL: Gastroesophageal reflux disease health-related quality of life.

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Citation: Zhang N, Wang Y, Fang SS, Han M, Zheng QW, Zhu YY, Zhang MY, Li JJ, Cui LX, Tian JL, Deng YH, Zhu SL, Ni HM, Zhou L, Zuo GL, Huang TS, Liao Q, Li XQ, Shang YY, Wang YJ, Tian Y, Ge LY, Han HQ, Hu WM, Jiang Y, Li YJ, Mao X, Yang LH, Yao JM, Zheng X, Wang HW, Fang SQ. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: A multicenter cross-sectional study. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(45): 113060
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i45/113060.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i45.113060

Zhang N, Wang Y, Fang SS, Han M, Zheng QW, Zhu YY, Zhang MY, Li JJ, Cui LX, Tian JL, Deng YH, Zhu SL, Ni HM, Zhou L, Zuo GL, Huang TS, Liao Q, Li XQ, Shang YY, Wang YJ, Tian Y, Ge LY, Han HQ, Hu WM, Jiang Y, Li YJ, Mao X, Yang LH, Yao JM, Zheng X, Wang HW, Fang SQ. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: A multicenter cross-sectional study. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(45): 113060 [PMID: 41378325 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i45.113060]

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