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Observational Study
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 7, 2025; 31(45): 113060
Published online Dec 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i45.113060
Table 7 Correlation analysis between lifestyle and dietary habits and somatic symptom scale-China score, hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety score, and hospital anxiety and depression scale-depression score
FactorsSSS-CN score
HADS-A score
HADS-D score
r value
P value
r value
P value
r value
P value
Dietary habits
Eating beyond fullness-0.0770.22-0.0070.905-0.0180.778
Skipping breakfast-0.0680.278-0.0370.557-0.0520.408
Eating before bedtime-0.0890.154-0.1040.097-0.110.078
Sweet food0.0330.6040.0980.118-0.0070.915
Greasy food0.0820.1890.0870.1650.0290.643
Raw or cold foods-0.0630.3150.0500.4230.0120.852
Spicy foods-0.0350.580-0.0150.8160.0080.901
Sour foods-0.0150.8120.0650.3030.0990.115
Hot foods-0.0880.1620.0060.9200.03500.576
Strong tea-0.0350.5790.0460.462-0.0040.944
Chocolate-0.0330.6010.0760.2270.1220.052
Coffee-0.0350.5780.0470.4520.0530.403
Carbonated beverages0.1150.0670.1850.003b0.2070.001b
Dairy products-0.0530.3960.1070.0860.1020.103
Lifestyle habits
Smoking0.0150.808-0.0330.600-0.0260.676
Drinking0.1990.001b0.0270.6660.0320.607
Staying up late-0.0570.3620.0010.995-0.0200.755
Early awakening-0.0570.360-0.1150.067-0.0890.156
Frequent dreaming-0.0880.158-0.0480.443-0.1170.062

  • Citation: Zhang N, Wang Y, Fang SS, Han M, Zheng QW, Zhu YY, Zhang MY, Li JJ, Cui LX, Tian JL, Deng YH, Zhu SL, Ni HM, Zhou L, Zuo GL, Huang TS, Liao Q, Li XQ, Shang YY, Wang YJ, Tian Y, Ge LY, Han HQ, Hu WM, Jiang Y, Li YJ, Mao X, Yang LH, Yao JM, Zheng X, Wang HW, Fang SQ. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: A multicenter cross-sectional study. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(45): 113060
  • URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i45/113060.htm
  • DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i45.113060

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