Clinical characteristics and risk factors of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: A multicenter cross-sectional study

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i45.113060

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 7, 2025; 31(45): 113060
Published online Dec 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i45.113060

Table 4 Assessment of somatic symptoms, mental and psychological health status, and quality of life of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease and non-refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease patients, mean ± SD

Variable	Refractory GERD (n = 256)	Non-refractory GERD (n = 655)	t value	P value
Somatic symptom
SSS-CN score	28.85 ± 7.68	27.00 ± 6.91	3.512	< 0.001^c
Mental and psychological health status
HADS-A score	5.30 ± 3.78	3.76 ± 3.74	5.551	< 0.001^c
HADS-D score	6.62 ± 4.07	5.07 ± 4.16	5.075	< 0.001^c
Quality of life
GERD-HRQL score	11.34 ± 6.76	9.66 ± 6.52	3.467	0.001^b
SF-36 score	114.35 ± 18.70	112.64 ± 18.35	1.255	0.21

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

SSS-CN: Somatic symptom scale-China; HADS-A: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety; HADS-D: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-depression; GERD-HRQL: Gastroesophageal reflux disease health-related quality of life; SF-36: 36-Item short form survey; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.

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Citation: Zhang N, Wang Y, Fang SS, Han M, Zheng QW, Zhu YY, Zhang MY, Li JJ, Cui LX, Tian JL, Deng YH, Zhu SL, Ni HM, Zhou L, Zuo GL, Huang TS, Liao Q, Li XQ, Shang YY, Wang YJ, Tian Y, Ge LY, Han HQ, Hu WM, Jiang Y, Li YJ, Mao X, Yang LH, Yao JM, Zheng X, Wang HW, Fang SQ. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: A multicenter cross-sectional study. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(45): 113060
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i45/113060.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i45.113060

Zhang N, Wang Y, Fang SS, Han M, Zheng QW, Zhu YY, Zhang MY, Li JJ, Cui LX, Tian JL, Deng YH, Zhu SL, Ni HM, Zhou L, Zuo GL, Huang TS, Liao Q, Li XQ, Shang YY, Wang YJ, Tian Y, Ge LY, Han HQ, Hu WM, Jiang Y, Li YJ, Mao X, Yang LH, Yao JM, Zheng X, Wang HW, Fang SQ. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: A multicenter cross-sectional study. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(45): 113060 [PMID: 41378325 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i45.113060]

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