Retreatment hepatitis B surface antigen clearance prediction model identifies pegylated interferon alpha candidates in chronic hepatitis B

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i44.112719

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2025; 31(44): 112719
Published online Nov 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i44.112719

Table 1 Characteristics of patients with hepatitis B surface antigen positive compared with patients with hepatitis B surface antigen negative after retreatment, n (%)

Characteristic	Total patients (n = 135)	HBSP (n = 107)	HBSN (n = 28)	P value
Age (years), median (Q1, Q3)	40.00 (35.00, 46.00)	40.00 (35.00, 47.00)	38.50 (35.75, 41.00)	0.311
Male	100 (74.07)	80 (74.77)	20 (71.43)	0.720
BMI (kg/m²), median (Q1, Q3)	24.70 (22.80, 26.60)	24.75 (23.02, 26.78)	24.70 (22.35,25.90)	0.388
HBV family history				0.203
No	59 (44.70)	44 (41.90)	15 (55.56)
Yes	73 (55.30)	61 (58.10)	12 (44.44)
Smoke history				0.836
No	38 (65.52)	30 (63.83)	8 (72.73)
Yes	20 (34.48)	17 (36.17)	3 (27.27)
Drink history				0.848
No	49 (84.48)	39 (82.98)	10 (90.91)
Yes	9 (15.52)	8 (17.02)	1 (9.09)
Diabetes mellitus				1.000
No	125 (94.70)	99 (94.29)	26 (96.30)
Yes	7 (5.30)	6 (5.71)	1 (3.70)
Hypertension				0.881
No	116 (87.88)	93 (88.57)	23 (85.19)
Yes	16 (12.12)	12 (11.43)	4 (14.81)
Cirrhosis				0.362
No	102 (75.56)	79 (73.83)	23 (82.14)
Yes	33 (24.44)	28 (26.17)	5 (17.86)
First circle Peg-IFNα treatment relative
Combination of NAs				< 0.001
No	8 (5.93)	2 (1.87)	6 (21.43)
Yes	127 (94.07)	105 (98.13)	22 (78.57)
Type of NAs				0.001
No	8 (5.93)	2 (1.87)	6 (21.43)
ETV	29 (21.48)	27 (25.23)	2 (7.14)
TDF	49 (36.29)	39 (36.45)	10 (35.72)
TAF	40 (29.63)	32 (29.91)	8 (28.57)
Combine	9 (6.67)	7 (6.54)	2 (7.14)
Baseline HBsAg level of initial treatment (log₁₀ IU/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	3.23 (2.84, 3.59)	3.32 (2.98, 3.71)	2.92 (2.30, 3.18)	< 0.001
HBsAg level at week 12 of initial treatment (log₁₀ IU/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	3.03 (2.35, 3.39)	3.14 (2.67, 3.49)	1.83 (0.87, 2.75)	< 0.001
HBsAg level at end of initial treatment (log₁₀ IU/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	2.55 (1.44, 3.16)	2.72 (1.82, 3.30)	0.93 (0.30, 1.87)	< 0.001
HBsAg decline at week 12 of initial treatment (log₁₀ IU/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	0.21 (0.07, 0.62)	0.15 (0.03, 0.36)	0.84 (0.32, 1.19)	< 0.001
HBsAg decline at end of initial treatment (log₁₀ IU/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	0.65 (0.30, 1.42)	0.50 (0.28, 0.93)	1.64 (0.72, 1.97)	< 0.001
HBsAg decline at end of initial treatment (%), median (Q1, Q3)	0.78 (0.05, 0.96)	0.69 (0.46, 0.88)	0.98 (0.81, 0.99)	< 0.001
HBeAg				0.542
Negative	98 (73.13)	77 (71.96)	21 (77.78)
Positive	36 (26.87)	30 (28.04)	6 (22.22)
HBV DNA (log₁₀ IU/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	-3.00 (-3.00, 3.17)	-3.00 (-3.00, 3.04)	2 .00 (-3.00, 3.39)	0.323
ALT (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	25.50 (19.00, 42.50)	25.00 (17.00, 40.00)	31.70 (19.00, 45.00)	0.277
AST (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	22.50 (18.00, 29.00)	22.00 (18.00, 29.00)	24.00 (18.00, 29.00)	0.878
GGT (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	24.00 (17.00, 38.75)	24.00 (16.25, 39.75)	24.00 (17.00, 35.00)	0.928
TBIL (μmol/L), median (Q1, Q3)	16.40 (13.00, 21.63)	16.85 (13.28, 22.02)	15.25 (11.38,17.70)	0.064
ALB (g/L), median (Q1, Q3)	48.40 (46.75, 49.95)	48.15 (46.55, 50.00)	48.90 (47.80, 49.80)	0.319
PLT (10⁹/L), median (Q1, Q3)	194.00 (164.25, 236.25)	197.00 (166.00, 238.00)	189.00 (165.00, 212.00)	0.445
AFP (IU/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	2.68 (1.89, 4.58)	2.76 (1.89, 4.63)	2.51 (2.10, 4.25)	0.637
LSM (kPa), median (Q1, Q3)	7.60 (6.00, 9.80)	7.70 (6.17, 9.80)	6.46 (5.65, 9.20)	0.184
CAP (dB/m), median (Q1, Q3)	249.00 (231.00, 276.20)	256.00 (232.00, 278.00)	239.00 (228.75, 254.25)	0.037
Second circle Peg-IFNα treatment relative
HBsAg level at retreatment baseline (log₁₀ IU/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	2.53 (1.67, 3.12)	2.81 (2.02, 3.31)	0.89 (-0.28, 2.31)	< 0.001
Rebound magnitude of HBsAg at retreatment baseline compared to end of initial treatment (log₁₀ IU/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	0.00 (-0.14, 0.19)	0.00 (-0.10, 0.16)	-0.03 (-0.54, 0.32)	0.433
Rebound magnitude of HBsAg at retreatment baseline compared to end of initial treatment (%), median (Q1, Q3)	0.00 (-0.06, 0.07)	0.00 (-0.04, 0.07)	-0.15 (-0.96, 0.08)	0.027
Rebound magnitude of HBsAg at retreatment baseline compared to baseline of initial treatment (%), median (Q1, Q3)	-0.20 (-0.43, -0.09)	-0.17 (-0.29, -0.08)	-0.63 (-1.10, -0.30)	< 0.001
The interval weeks between the two treatments (weeks), median (Q1, Q3)	23.40 (15.00, 39.85)	20.70 (15.00, 32.95)	36.40 (16.20, 86.17)	0.015
1^st Peg-IFN treatment course (weeks), median (Q1, Q3)	48.00 (36.00, 58.70)	48.00 (36.00, 55.35)	39.40 (27.65, 51.50)	0.824
2^nd Peg-IFN treatment course (weeks), median (Q1, Q3)	28.00 (21.25, 44.75)	26.05 (19.02, 43.30)	30.00 (19.55, 47.00)	0.016
Total follow-up time (weeks), median (Q1, Q3)	147.60 (126.30, 182.05)	155.10 (131.60, 182.05)	134.95 (116.75, 178.78)	0.181

HBSP: Hepatitis B surface antigen positive; HBSN: Hepatitis B surface antigen negative; BMI: Body mass index; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; Peg-IFNα: Pegylated interferon alpha; NAs: Nucleoside analogs; ETV: Entecavir; TDF: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; TAF: Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate tablets; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg: Hepatitis B envelope antigen; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALB: Albumin; PLT: Platelet; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter.

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Citation: Fu YC, Li J, Wang JY, Zhang YW, Yan F, Chen J, Du Q, Yang C, Liang J, Ye Q, Xiang HL. Retreatment hepatitis B surface antigen clearance prediction model identifies pegylated interferon alpha candidates in chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(44): 112719
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i44/112719.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i44.112719

Fu YC, Li J, Wang JY, Zhang YW, Yan F, Chen J, Du Q, Yang C, Liang J, Ye Q, Xiang HL. Retreatment hepatitis B surface antigen clearance prediction model identifies pegylated interferon alpha candidates in chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(44): 112719 [PMID: 41356529 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i44.112719]

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