Role of artificial intelligence in the detection and characterization of gastrointestinal premalignant and early malignant lesions

Table 9 Summary of prospective studies on computer-aided diagnosis for the characterization of colorectal polyps[194,200,201,208,209,239-243]

Ref.	Country	AI system	Number	WLI/IEE	Primary outcomes	Results
Gross et al[239]	Germany	SVM	434 small polyps (< 10 mm)	Magnifying NBI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (small polyps)	Se: 95%; Sp: 90%; PPV: 93%; NPV: 92%; Acc: 93%
Kominami et al[240]	Japan	SVM	1262 polyps, 118 images	Magnifying NBI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (small polyps)	Se: 93%; Sp: 95%; PPV: 95%; NPV: 93%; Acc: 97%
Mori et al[194]	Japan	EndoBRAIN	61952 images, 466 polyps	Endocytoscopy, NBI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (DP)	Se: 95%; Sp: 92%; PPV: 96%; NPV: 96%; Acc: 98%
Barua et al[208]	Norway, United Kingdom, Japan	EndoBRAIN	892 polyps	WLI, NBI, magnification	Neoplastic vs non neoplastic polyps (DP)	Se: 90%; Sp: 86%
Hassan et al[242]	Italy	GI genius	544 polyps	NBI, BLI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (DP)	NPV: 98%; Se: 82%; Sp: 93%; Acc: 92%
Minegishi et al[200]	Japan	EndoBRAIN	395 polyps	NBI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (DP)	NPV: 94%; Se: 94%; Sp: 63%; Acc: 86%
Rondonotti et al[209]	Italy	CAD EYE	596 polyps	WLI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (DP)	NPV: 91%; Se: 89%; Sp: 88%; Acc: 88%
Li et al[241]	Singapore (multicenter)	CAD EYE	661 polyps	WLI	Neoplastic vs non neoplastic polyps	Se: 62%; Acc: 72%
Hassan et al[242]	Italy	CAD EYE; GI genius (head-to-head comparison)	319 polyps	WLI, BLI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (DP)	NPV: 97% vs 98%; Se: 82% vs 86%; Sp: 92% vs 94%
Houwen et al[201]	Netherlands (multicenter) + Spain (1 center)	POLAR	423 polyps	NBI	Neoplastic (adenomas and SSLs) vs non neoplastic	Se: 89%; Sp: 38%; Acc: 79%
Rex et al[243]	United States (multicenter)	GI genius	2695 polyps	WLI, NBI	Adenomas vs non adenomas	Se: 91%; Sp: 65%

IEE: Image-enhanced endoscopy; SVM: Support vector machine; CAD: Computer assisted device; GI: Gastrointestinal; WLI: White light imaging; NBI: Narrow-band imaging; BLI: Blue-laser imaging; DP: Diminutive polyps; SSL: Sessile serrated lesion; Acc: Accuracy; Se: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.