Role of artificial intelligence in the detection and characterization of gastrointestinal premalignant and early malignant lesions

Table 8 Summary of retrospective studies on computer-aided diagnosis for characterization of colorectal polyps[185,188-192,195,196,229,236-238]

Ref.	Country	AI system	Number	WLI/IEE	Primary outcomes	Results
Tischendorf et al[236]	Germany	SVM	209 polyps	Magnifying NBI	Adenomas vs non adenomas	Se: 90%; Sp: 70%; Acc: 85%
Takemura et al[237]	Japan	SVM	1519 polyps, 371 images	Magnifying NBI	Neoplastic vs non neoplastic	Se: 97%; Sp: 97%; Acc: 97%
Misawa et al[195]	Japan	EndoBRAIN	1179 images	Endocytoscopy, NBI	Prediction of histology	Se: 84%; Sp: 97%; Acc: 90%; PPV: 98%; NPV: 82%
Komeda et al[188]	Japan	CNN	1800 images, 10 videos	WLI	Adenomas vs non adenomas	Acc: 75%
Byrne et al[185]	Canada	DCNN	117000 images, 388 videos	NBI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (DP)	Se: 98%; Sp: 83%; PPV: 90%; NPV: 97%; Acc: 94%
Chen et al[238]	China	DCNN	2441 images	NBI	Neoplastic vs hyperplastic (DP)	Se: 96%; Sp: 78%; PPV: 89%; NPV: 90%; Acc: 90%
Sánchez-Montes et al[189]	Spain	ML	225 polyps	HD WLI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (DP)	Se: 92%; NPV: 91%; Acc: 90%; DP: NPV: 96%; Acc: 87%
Song et al[190]	Korea	ENAD	12480 images, 451 polyps	NBI	Adenomas vs SSLs	Se: 82% vs 84%; Sp: 93% vs 88%; Acc: 81% vs 82%
Kudo et al[196]	Japan	EndoBRAIN-EYE	69142 images	Endocytoscopy, NBI	Neoplastic vs non neoplastic	Se: 96%; Sp: 94%; PPV: 96%; NPV: 94%; Acc: 96%
Zachariah et al[192]	United States	CAD-EYE	5912 images	WLI, NBI	Diminutive adenomas vs SSLs/hyperplastic polyps	Se: 96%; Sp: 90%; PPV: 94%; NPV: 93%; Acc: 94%
Jin et al[191]	Korea	DCNN	2450 polyps	NBI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (DP)	Se: 83%; Sp: 91%; Acc: 87%
Ozawa et al[229]	Japan	DCNN (SSD)	27508 images	WLI, NBI	Adenomas vs non adenomas (DP)	WLI: NPV: 85%; NBI: NPV: 91%

AI: Artificial intelligence; IEE: Image-enhanced endoscopy; WLI: White light imaging; CNN: Convolutional neural network; SVM: Support vector machine; DCNN: Deep convolutional neural network; ML: Machine learning; ENAD: Endoscopy neural assisted detection; CAD: Computer assisted device; SSD: Single shot multi-box detector; NBI: Narrow band imaging; HD: High definition; DP: Diminutive polyps; SSL: Sessile serrated lesion; Acc: Accuracy; Se: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.