Neuroimmune interactions in inflammatory bowel disease: Role of intestinal macrophages and the cholinergic pathway

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2025; 31(44): 109440
Published online Nov 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i44.109440

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Figure 1 Macrophage differentiation under steady-state and disease conditions. IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor α.

Citation: Zheng L, Duan SL. Neuroimmune interactions in inflammatory bowel disease: Role of intestinal macrophages and the cholinergic pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(44): 109440
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i44/109440.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i44.109440

Zheng L, Duan SL. Neuroimmune interactions in inflammatory bowel disease: Role of intestinal macrophages and the cholinergic pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(44): 109440 [PMID: 41356522 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i44.109440]

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