Distal small bowel resection with preservation of the terminal ileum suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis via the Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group-mediated 7-KLCA-FXR axis

Figure 3 Suppression of key gluconeogenic enzyme gene expression after distal bowel resection with preservation of the terminal ileum surgery. A: Glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit; B: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1; C: Forkhead box O1; D: Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein; E: Expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the liver; F: Expression of Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in the liver; G-I: Expression changes of glucagon-like peptide-1, FXR, and TGR5 in the terminal ileum. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, and statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t-test or two-way ANOVA. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. DBRPI: Distal bowel resection with preservation of the terminal ileum; G6PC: Glucose-6-phosphatase; PCK1: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1; FOXO1: Forkhead box O1; CREB: Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein; FXR: Farnesoid X receptor; TGR5: Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1.