Peripheral blood lymphocyte subset deficiency in acute-on-chronic liver failure and reconstitution following liver transplantation

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included patients stratified by disease, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics	Total (n = 83)	ACLF (n = 44)	AD (n = 16)	Cirrhosis (n = 23)	P value
Age in years	48.8 ± 9.4	47.0 ± 8.4	50.9 ± 9.3	50.7 ± 10.9	0.057
Male	67 (80.7)	41 (93.2)	12 (75.0)	14 (60.9)	0.003
Etiology1					0.038
HBV	55 (66.3)	35 (79.6)	9 (56.2)	11 (47.8)
HCV	1 (1.2)	1 (2.3)	0	0
Alcohol	8 (9.6)	2 (4.5)	3 (18.8)	3 (13.0)
Autoimmune	11 (13.3)	3 (6.8)	3 (18.8)	5 (21.8)
Mixed	5 (6.0)	3 (6.8)	1 (6.2)	1 (4.4)
Other	3 (3.6)	0	0	3 (13.0)
Laboratory data
Albumin in g/L	33.8 ± 5.4	34.4 ± 4.9	31.5 ± 5.9	34.5 ± 5.9	0.156
ALT in U/L, median IQR	42.0 (26.0-86.0)	56.5 (37.3-98.3)	37.5 (27.0-87.3)	26.0 (16.0-38.0)	< 0.001
AST in U/L, median IQR	70.0 (45.0-115.0)	99.5 (53.8-120.8)	86.0 (49.5-183.5)	41.0 (30.0-52.0)	< 0.001
TB in μmol/L	301.9 ± 240.7	461.1 ± 180.4	241.9 ± 195.9	39.0 ± 26.0	< 0.001
Creatinine in mg/dL, median IQR	0.7 (0.6-1.1)	0.8 (0.6-1.4)	0.7 (0.6-0.9)	0.7 (0.5-1.3)	0.424
Serum urea in mmol/L, median IQR	5.6 (3.8-7.9)	5.7 (3.8-9.1)	5.5 (4.1-7.5)	5.5 (3.6-7.1)	0.833
INR, median IQR	1.9 (1.4-2.6)	2.5 (2.0-3.0)	1.6 (1.4-2.0)	1.3 (1.2-1.6)	< 0.001
WBC as 109/L, median IQR	5.0 (3.5-7.9)	6.7 (4.3-8.5)	4.4 (2.2-6.6)	3.6 (2.6-4.2)	< 0.001
Neutrophil as 109/L, median IQR	3.4 (2.2-5.5)	4.7 (3.0-6.9)	2.9 (1.5-4.7)	2.1 (1.6-2.8)	< 0.001
Perioperative complications
Infection	43 (51.8)	24 (54.5)	7 (43.8)	12 (52.2)	0.800
PNF	4 (4.8)	3 (6.8)	0 (0)	1 (4.3)	0.811
EAD	31 (37.3)	20 (45.5)	2 (12.5)	9 (39.1)	0.061

¹For acute-on-chronic liver failure etiology, “mixed” refers to patients suffering from two or more types of chronic liver diseases, while “others” indicates chronic liver diseases other than hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, alcohol-associated liver disease, and autoimmune liver disease.

ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; AD: Acute decompensation; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TB: Total bilirubin; INR: International normalized ratio; WBC: White blood cell; EAD: Early allograft dysfunction; PNF: Primary non-function; IQR: Interquartile range.