Multistrain probiotics alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms during bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i42.112577

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Randomized Controlled Trial

World J Gastroenterol. Nov 14, 2025; 31(42): 112577
Published online Nov 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i42.112577

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study subjects, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Total population (n = 174)	Intervention group (n = 89)	Placebo-controlled group (n = 85)	χ²/t	P value
Sex				2.271	0.132
Male	63 (36.2)	37 (41.6)	26 (30.6)
Female	111 (63.8)	52 (58.4)	59 (69.4)
Age, years				2.987	0.394
≤ 29	49 (28.2)	26 (29.2)	23 (27.1)
30-39	59 (33.9)	25 (28.1)	34 (40.0)
40-49	35 (20.1)	20 (22.5)	15 (17.6)
≥ 50	31 (17.8)	18 (20.2)	13 (15.3)
BMI (kg/m²)				0.081	0.960
< 18.5	12 (6.9)	6 (6.7)	6 (7.1)
18.5-23.9	107 (61.5)	54 (60.7)	53 (62.4)
≥ 24.0	55 (31.6)	29 (32.6)	26 (30.6)
Ethnic group				0.528	0.468
Han	164 (94.3)	85 (95.5)	79 (92.9)
Other	10 (5.7)	4 (4.5)	6 (7.1)
Household characteristics				0.169	0.681
Urban	101 (58.0)	53 (59.6)	48 (56.5)
Rural	73 (42.0)	36 (40.4)	37 (43.5)
Marital status				1.316	0.518
Unmarried	45 (25.9)	25 (28.1)	20 (23.5)
Married	118 (67.8)	60 (67.4)	58 (68.2)
Other	11 (6.3)	4 (4.5)	7 (8.2)
Education				0.109	0.991
Junior high school and below	21 (12.1)	11 (12.4)	10 (11.8)
High school	26 (14.9)	13 (14.6)	13 (15.3)
College/vocational university	28 (16.1)	15 (16.9)	13 (15.3)
Bachelor's degree and above	99 (56.9)	50 (56.1)	49 (57.6)
Vocation				0.708	0.702
Working	101 (58.0)	50 (56.2)	51 (60.0)
Unemployed/household	25 (14.4)	12 (13.5)	13 (15.3)
Other	48 (27.6)	27 (30.3)	21 (24.7)
Per capita monthly income (CNY)				2.358	0.670
< 4000	46 (26.4)	23 (25.8)	23 (27.1)
4001-6000	33 (19.0)	20 (22.5)	13 (15.3)
6001-8000	31 (17.8)	17 (19.1)	14 (16.5)
8001-10000	19 (10.9)	8 (9.0)	11 (12.9)
> 10000	45 (25.9)	21 (23.6)	24 (28.2)
Smoking				0.009	0.923
Yes	16 (9.2)	8 (9.0)	8 (9.4)
Drinking				0.071	0.789
Yes	76 (43.7)	38 (42.7)	38 (44.7)
Reason for visit				1.446	0.485
Digestive discomfort	109 (62.6)	52 (58.4)	57 (67.1)
Chronic gastritis	52 (29.9)	30 (33.7)	22 (25.9)
Ulcers	13 (7.5)	7 (7.9)	6 (7.0)
¹³C/¹⁴C expiratory value	22.23 ± 16.17	21.94 ± 15.48	23.80 ± 16.93	0.739	0.461

BMI: Body mass index; CNY: China yuan.

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Citation: Liu WJ, Zhao YM, Xie QQ, Wu MC, Pan YF, Yan HK, Shan XX, Xu WT, Liu YL, Peng CX, Zhang XM, Lin Q. Multistrain probiotics alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms during bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(42): 112577
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i42/112577.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i42.112577

Liu WJ, Zhao YM, Xie QQ, Wu MC, Pan YF, Yan HK, Shan XX, Xu WT, Liu YL, Peng CX, Zhang XM, Lin Q. Multistrain probiotics alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms during bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(42): 112577 [PMID: 41278159 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i42.112577]

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