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Retrospective Study
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 7, 2025; 31(41): 111256
Published online Nov 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i41.111256
Table 3 Ludwig stage stratified by risk class prediction of fibrosis using dual cut-offs of liver stiffness measurement in the derivation and validation cohorts, n (%)

Ludwig stage
Early stage (LSM ≤ 10)
Grey area (10 < LSM ≤ 14.5)
Advanced stage (LSM > 14.5)
Total
Derivation cohortLudwig I55 (57.3)4 (12.9)1 (1.6)60 (31.6)
Ludwig II34 (35.4)14 (45.2)4 (6.3)52 (27.4)
Ludwig III2 (2.1)4 (12.9)13 (20.6)19 (10.0)
Ludwig IV5 (5.2)9 (29.0)45 (71.4)59 (31.1)
Total963163190
Validation cohortLudwig I29 (69.0)0 (0)0 (0)29 (33.3)
Ludwig II8 (19.0)4 (44.4)2 (5.6)14 (16.1)
Ludwig III4 (9.5)3 (33.3)10 (27.8)17 (19.5)
Ludwig IV1 (2.4)2 (22.2)24 (66.7)27 (31.0)
Total4293687


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