Comparison of clinical outcomes for single- and double-balloon enteroscope-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with surgically altered anatomy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the included patients, n (%)/median (interquartile range)/mean ± SD

Variable	DBE (n = 247)	SBE (n = 247)	P value
Age, years	66.0 ± 15.4	68.4 ± 11.6	0.051
Sex			0.406
Male	146 (59.1)	156 (63.2)
Female	101 (40.9)	91 (36.8)
BMI, kg/m2	21.6 ± 2.8	21.6 ± 3.3	0.919
Smoking	40 (16.2)	34 (13.8)	0.528
Alcohol intake	27 (10.9)	33 (13.4)	0.491
Amounts of alcohol (bottle/week)	4.3 ± 5.0	2.3 ± 2.1	0.064
Presence of acute cholangitis on admission	104 (42.1)	92 (37.2)	0.312
PTBD prior ERCP	2 (0.8)	31 (12.6)	< 0.001
PTGBD prior ERCP	12 (4.9)	14 (5.7)	0.840
Initial laboratory findings
WBC, /μL	6900.0 (5300.0-9500.0)	5950.0 (4630.0-8345.0)	0.003
Hb, g/dL	11.8 (10.3-13.1)	11.4 (10.1-12.6)	0.140
Platelet, /μL	209.0 (164.0-272.0)	198.0 (157.0-248.5)	0.072
AST, IU/L	33.0 (24.0-81.0)	42.0 (25.0-92.0)	0.157
ALT, IU/L	30.0 (17.0-59.0)	36.0 (18.0-81.0)	0.151
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	0.8 (0.6-1.8)	0.8 (0.4-2.2)	0.411
Amylase, IU/L	61.0 (41.0-84.0)	65.0 (45.0-91.0)	0.325
Lipase, U/L	30.0 (16.0-60)	27.0 (18.0-50.0)	0.970
CRP, mg/L	2.0 (0.1-9.1)	1.2 (0.1-5.8)	0.011
Final diagnosis			< 0.001
Malignant biliary obstruction	53 (21.5)	33 (13.4)
Benign biliary obstruction	73 (29.6)	42 (17.0)
Bile duct stones	94 (38.1)	156 (63.2)
Pancreatic duct stones	3 (1.2)	0 (0.0)
Pancreatic duct stricture	8 (3.2)	5 (2.0)
Others	16 (6.5)	11 (4.5)
Reason of primary surgery			< 0.001
AOV cancer	21 (8.5)	7 (2.8)
Cholangiocarcinoma (or suspected)	36 (14.6)	33 (13.4)
Duodenal cancer	2 (0.8)	3 (1.2)
Gastric cancer	107 (43.3)	164 (66.4)
GB cancer	5 (2.0)	10 (4.0)
Pancreatic cancer (or suspected)	42 (17.0)	3 (1.2)
Other tumors	0 (0.0)	2 (0.8)
Bile duct or IHD stones	5 (2.0)	3 (1.2)
Biliary atresia	6 (2.4)	0 (0.0)
Choledochal cyst	5 (2.0)	5 (2.0)
PUD complication	12 (4.9)	9 (3.6)
Trauma or surgical injury	6 (2.4)	8 (3.2)
Type of primary surgery			< 0.001
PD with B-II	10 (4.0)	28 (11.3)
PD with B-II and Braun anastomosis	2 (0.8)	5 (2.0)
PD with R-Y	77 (31.2)	1 (0.4)
STG with B-II	49 (19.8)	42 (17.0)
STG with B-II and Braun anastomosis	7 (2.8)	37 (15.0)
STG with R-Y	40 (16.2)	30 (12.1)
TG with R-Y	23 (9.3)	69 (27.9)
BDR with R-Y	39 (15.8)	35 (14.2)

BMI: Body mass index; PTBD: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PTGBD: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; WBC: White blood cell; Hb: Hemoglobin; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; CRP: C-reactive protein; AOV: Ampulla of Vater; GB: Gallbladder; IHD: Intrahepatic duct; PUD: Peptic ulcer disease; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; B-II: Billroth II reconstruction; R-Y: Roux-en-Y reconstruction; STG: Subtotal gastrectomy; TG: Total gastrectomy; BDR: Bile duct resection; DBE: Double-balloon enteroscopy; SBE: Single-balloon enteroscopy.